These additional evaluations help identify strengths, needs, and supports beyond visual functioning alone. This section explains related assessments and considerations that help teams develop comprehensive and appropriate educational plans.

O&M Evaluation

This page explains the purpose of an Orientation and Mobility (O&M) evaluation and how it assesses a student’s ability to safely and independently move through their environment. The evaluation examines skills such as spatial awareness, orientation, route travel, and use of sensory information. Results help determine whether direct O&M instruction is needed. The page also explains how mobility needs may change over time. ​

Psychological Impact

This page explains how visual impairment may affect confidence, emotional development, and self-concept. Students may experience frustration, anxiety, or reduced confidence when tasks are visually challenging. Understanding these impacts helps teams provide appropriate support. The page also addresses how positive supports promote independence and resilience. ​

Impact on Development & Learning

This page explains how visual impairment affects early development, concept formation, and access to incidental learning. Students with visual impairments may require direct instruction in areas that sighted peers learn through observation. Vision affects motor development, social learning, and academic skill development. Understanding these impacts helps guide instruction and expectations. ​

Educational Assessments

This page explains how visual impairment affects educational testing and assessment results. Standard assessments may not accurately reflect a student’s abilities without appropriate accommodations. The page explains how to interpret results and ensure assessments measure knowledge rather than visual access. It also addresses collaboration with evaluation teams. ​

Language Development

This page explains how visual impairment may affect language development, particularly vocabulary and concept understanding. Students may need direct instruction to connect words with experiences and objects. Visual impairment can affect both expressive and receptive language development. The page also explains how to support language through meaningful experiences and instruction. ​

Resource Access

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Full Article List

Guide: Start Here
Tools (VI Basics)
Plan: Referrals & Eligibility
Referral & Eligibility​ ​Medical Vision Information 
FVLMALow Vision Evaluations
Other Evaluations
Plan: IEP Planning
Plan: Collaboration & Accessibility
​Collaboration Accessible Materials ​Classroom Access Instructional Access Technology Access ​Additional Supports Service Delivery Models  ​
Teach: Compensatory Skills
Compensatory Skills
Concept Development ​Alternative Communication ​Emergent Literacy ​Braille Code
​Beginning Braille ​ Braille Fluency & Comprehension  Writing Braille ​​​Nemeth Code Instruction 
​​​Tactile Graphics ​Print Concepts ​​Abacus  ​​Organization Skills​ ​​Study Skills ​​Time Management
Teach: Sensory Efficiency Skills
​Auditory & Listening Skills ​​Visual Efficiency Skills ​​Optical Device Use ​Tactile Readiness
Teach: Assistive Technology 
AT Overview ​AT Use & Maintenance Braille AT ​iOS Instruction Audio Access​ ​Video Magnifiers ​​​Basic Computer Use Computer Access ​Productivity
Teach: Social Skills
Social Skill Basics​
Non-Verbal Skills​​​​ Verbal Communication Skills Cooperative Skills Identity & Self-Awareness ​Interactions & Relationships Managing Challenges & Safety
Teach: Self Determination
Teach: Independent Living Skills
Personal Care ​Hygiene & Grooming ​Personal Health Mealtime Skills ​​​ Food Preparation
Household Skills Clothing Management ​Money & Budget Shopping & Consumerism Phone Use ​Safety & Emergency Preparedness ​​Services & Community Resources
Teach: Orientation & Mobility
Teach: Recreation & Leisure
Teach: Career & Vocational
Printables
Free Resources​ Premium Resource Library 
Teaching Strategy Printables 
​Premium Program Printables
​Premium FVLMA Printables
​ECC PrintablesCompensatory Skills Printables
Sensory Efficiency Printables
Assistive Technology Printables
Social Skills Printables
Self Determination Printables
Independent Living Printables
Recreation & Leisure Printables
Career & Vocational Printables
Evelyn Jane Stories 
Learn: Teaching Strategies & Planning
Learn: ​ECC Units
Beginning of the Year Units ​​Fall UnitsWinter Units ​​Winter Units ​​Spring UnitsAnytime Units
Learn: ​Interactive Activities
Learn: Recorded Presentations
Learn: Complete Set Bonus ​