During instruction with the O&M, the individual will be taught trailing techniques, search patterns, sighted guide techniques, use of vision for travel and orientation, use of the long cane, and independent travel in a variety of environments. Individuals are typically taught to use a long cane and techniques for using any remaining vision that they may have such as the use of optical devices (telescopes or monoculars). It is important to learn how to move safely in both familiar and unfamiliar environments. The O&M will assist the individual in the following areas.

Proper Guide Techniques

A student may at times move throughout their environment using a guide. Using proper guide techniques is important for the student to learn, but it is also important for those who will be with the student.   This page provides guidelines in proper guide techniques.

Orient Student to Environment

It’s essential to teach students who are blind or visually impaired to not only navigate safely from one location to another but know where they are.  This page provides suggestions for helping to orient a student to their environment. It also provides suggestions for encouraging environmental awareness and exploration

Mobility Skills

Orientation and Mobility (O&M) is a critical area for students with visual impairments as it is essential for the student to learn to move safely and efficiently and as independently as possible through all environments.  The O&M will teach the student to move safely and efficiently through their environment.

Travel

Students who are blind or visually impaired and will be independent travelers will need to learn strategies for accessing transportation, planning a route, and traveling. This page provides strategies and suggestions for teaching students skills in traveling independently.

Dog Guides

Dog guides are assistance dogs trained to lead people who are blind or visually impaired. Dog guides can be helpful for many, but not appropriate for everyone. The person who uses the dog guide must have excellent orientation and mobility skills. This page provides information on who is a good candidate for a dog guide and the skills needed.

​Student Transfers

Help students relate transitions to the time of day and how long the activity will be. Identify time on a clock and/or set a timer to denote time. Talk to the student before touching or lifting/moving him/her to transition. This will help the student anticipate change. Before you touch a student with a visual impairment, make sure he is aware of your presence. Try not to surprise the student by poking or sudden loud talking.  This may frighten or startle him/her. For students that are not mobile, provide the student with warnings prior to transfers. Address the student by name, letting them know that they are to be “part of the action.”  Even though words may not be understood, the sounds and your tone establish a relationship.