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Near Optical Devices for Students who are Blind or Visually Impaired

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Optical Devices for Near Viewing

By: Carmen Willings
teachingvisuallyimpaired.com
​Updated November 8, 2015


Magnifiers for near viewing are used to increase the size of the image reaching the eye and can improve the visual functioning of students with most, but not all, eye disorders. Magnifiers will allow access to regular print materials both in and outside of the classroom, such as books, magazines, labels, price tags, game boards, time tables, and menus. This will prepare the student for adult life when most environmental, educational, and leisure reading materials will be available only in regular print. 
It is important to choose the minimum level of magnification necessary when using Low Vision Aids. This is because the power of the lens directly impacts its size as the stronger the power of a lens, the smaller the size will be. As magnifiers get stronger, the focal (or working) distance gets shorter which means you must hold the lens closer to your eye. All optical devices should be prescribed by a Low Vision Specialist who will determine the most appropriate device for the student’s unique needs.

Type of Lenses

​Convex Lens
Convex Lens are inexpensive, lightweight and can be used on either side. They are available in powers from 1.5x to 4x. These lenses are more portable and can e helpful for spotting information such as price tags, and labels. Although these lenses are more portable, they often distort the image around the edges. These lenses are not recommended as an aid for prolonged reading activities.
 
Bi-Aspheric Lens
Bi-Aspheric lenses can be used on either side and are available in powers from 1.7x to 20x. They provide an undistorted image to edge of the lens but the user must maintain the correct focal distance for the image to remain undistorted.
 
Single Aspheric Lens
Single Aspheric lenses are used by placing the flat side on the page with the curved side toward the eye. They are available in powers from 2.5x to 15x. The student rests the lens on the page and does not need to maintain a focal distance and it provides a distortion free image from rim to rim. The drawback is that they are heavier than convex and Bi-Aspheric Lenses.
 
Flat Field Magnifiers
Flat Field Magnifiers are often called Dome Magnifiers or Bar Magnifiers. They are easy to use as it sits flat on the page and the user does not need to maintain a focal distance. 

Type of Magnifiers 

Picture of hand-held magnifiers.
Hand-held magnifiers
Hand held magnifiers are portable and can easily be carried in pockets, purses, and backpacks. They are relatively inexpensive and come in a range of powers. Some magnifiers provide illumination by directing light directly on the source. Some hand-held magnifiers double as stand magnifiers (they can be placed directly on the surface of the page/book) while others require the student to hold them and maintain the correct focal distance. This can be a disadvantage as the student must hold the magnifier at just the right focal distance. Additionally, if you are holding a magnifier, you “lose the use of a hand” which makes it difficult to use while trying to write. It is also difficult to use if the user has a hand tremor.

These magnifiers may be used for such tasks as reading, writing, and artwork. They can be used in a variety of situations, are small, are inexpensive, and are portable. They are socially acceptable since they are familiar to most people. They are, however, less effective when high power is needed and when both hands are needed for a task. They also require good eye-hand coordination.

Picture of stand magnifiers.
Stand Mounted & Dome Magnifiers
Stand mounted and dome magnifiers are placed directly on a page and provide a fixed distance between the lens and the object being viewed. Some have good light-gathering capacity and can be equipped with additional illumination and/or additional lenses. They are particularly helpful with students who have difficulty holding a handheld magnifier at the needed distance. The downside is that it is necessary to lean over the magnifier which can cause back and neck discomfort. Additionally, these magnifiers are typically bulkier and not as portable as hand held magnifiers

Makrolux Bright Field Magnifier
Illuminated Magnifiers
Illuminated magnifiers are beneficial for students who require high-powered devices and need supplementary lighting, or those who want to avoid reflections from ceiling lights. The magnifier puts the focus of the light on the paper creating more light and creating higher contrast. Illuminated magnifiers are available in handheld or stand magnifiers. However, they are not useable without batteries.

Picture of a dome magnifier.
Globe, Dome & Bar Magnifiers
Globe, dome, and bar magnifiers are portable and are placed directly on a page to view print. They are half-spherical magnifiers, sometimes called “bright field” because they gather light. They are not typically available in high powers of magnification so they aren't suitable for everyone. They are always in focus but must be rested on the reading surface so these are not as ideal when reading price tags or other information when it isn’t possible to rest directly on the surface.​

​Bar Magnifier
Bar magnifiers are semi-cylindrical lenses that lie on top of a page and magnify one line of print at a time. They only come in magnification up to 1.5x so they are only helpful to users with minimal vision loss. Additionally, they can distort the print.
​Magnifiers on Adjustable Arms
Magnifiers with adjustable arms are designed for sighted people to perform fine detail tasks and are typically not helpful for persons with visual impairments as they have limited amounts of magnification. 
Pocket Magnifiers
Pocket magnifiers are lightweight and are relatively easy to use. They come in magnification ranging from 2x to 15x. Pocket Magnifiers can be helpful in the kitchen to read labels, when shopping to look at price tags, or in a restaurant to read menus. They offer a narrow field of view and a short working distance which can be a disadvantage. 
​Spectacle Mounted Magnifier for Near Viewing
Half Eye Prismatic Spectacles are available in magnifications from 1x to 4x and are helpful to persons who need only 3x or less magnification. Hyperoculars are available in magnifications from 4x to 12x magnification. Keep in mind the higher the magnification, the closer the user would need to be to the print. The largest advantage is it allows the user to have both hands free. The disadvantage is there is a short working distance as the user has to bring the object close to the face to bring it into focus. 
Lighthouse Guide to Selecting Optical Devices

Assistive Technology Forms

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Selecting the Right AT On-Demand Webinar

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Are you overwhelmed by the process of selecting assistive technology for your students? This presentation will encompass the process and steps of selecting the right assistive technology for students who are blind or visually impaired using the SETT framework.  Key points covered in this presentation include identification of the current problem; consideration of current skills; understanding unique visual and learning needs; awareness of AT for VI; AT equipment considerations; the process of building a toolkit; instructional strategies; and next steps.  ​

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Strategies & Activities for Students Following the Standard Course of Study

Cover of Strategies & Activities for Students Following the Standard Course of Study with 3 picture of students on a background of colored pencils
Preparing students for college, career, and life starts early for students who are blind or visually impaired should start early. Equipping them with the skills to successfully and independently use assistive technology and advocate for their needs will help level the playing field and prepare them for future transitions. In this presentation I discuss strategies for working with on-grade-level students, providing instruction in low vision devices, providing braille instruction for students learning braille as a secondary mode, providing keyboarding and technology instruction and other ECC skills you can embed into instruction. This presentation is packed full of activities you can begin using immediately with your students! ​

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Purchase the TVI's Guide to Teaching the ECC Complete Set and immediately unlock the pages within the ECC Complete Set Bonus including bonus printables, interactive sensory stories, interactive matching activities, interactive choice making activities, job task box activities and MORE! This is my way of continuing to support you and say "Thank you!" for choosing to purchase the Complete Set. 

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The mission of Teaching Students with Visual Impairments is to provide all persons involved in education students who are blind or visually impaired with the necessary resources to help each student become successful members of their communities and to equip those in the visual impairment field with resources to meet the wide range of needs of the students they serve. ​
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    • Foundations of Teaching the ECC in the Age of Virtual Instruction
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    • Itinerant Teaching Strategies & Tips
    • Accommodations for VI
    • Strategies & Activities for Standard Course of Study
    • Using Themes to Teach the ECC
    • Accessible Content for BLVI
    • Conducting a FVLMA
    • Developing SMARTER Goals
    • Selecting the Right AT
    • Tips for Being a "Physically Fit" TVI
    • The Art of Teaching the ECC
    • Activities to Teach the ECC
    • Determining Service Intensity Using the VISSIT
  • Professional Practice
    • Vision Professionals >
      • Become a Vision Professional
      • Professional Preparation Programs
      • Teacher of Students with Visual Impairments
      • Orientation & Mobility Specialist
      • Low Vision Specialist
      • Rehabilitation Specialists
      • CATIS
      • Parapros & Braille Transcribers
    • Professionalism >
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    • Instructional Planning >
      • VI Program Handbook
      • Caseload Analysis
      • Itinerant Teaching Tips
      • Year at a Glance
      • Role of the Classroom Teacher
      • Simulation Activities
    • Professional Publications >
      • General VI Resource Books
      • CVI & MD Resource Books
      • Braille Resource Books
      • O&M Resource Books
      • Early Intervention Resource Books
      • Journal Resources
  • Foundations of VI
    • History of Visual Impairments >
      • Timeline of VI
      • Biblical Passages Concerning Blindness
      • Notable People
      • Helen Keller
      • APH Museum
      • Leaders & Legends
      • History of Braillewriters
      • Legislation
    • Visual Impairments >
      • Structure & Function of the Eye
      • Vision Classifications
      • Common Vocabulary
      • Common Visual Impairments
      • Cortical Visual Impairments
      • Convergence Insufficiency (CI)
      • Deaf-Blind
    • VI Resources >
      • VI Organizations
      • US Government Agencies
      • Support Networks
      • Deaf-Blind Resources
      • Georgia Vision Resources
      • Online Parent Resources
    • V.I. Book Resources >
      • Children's Books
      • Young Reader Books
      • Books about Dog Guides
      • Teen & Young Adult Books
      • Non-Fiction Books
      • Helen Keller Books
      • Parent Resource Books
      • Grief & Suffering Books
    • Impact on Development & Learning
    • Psychological Impact
    • Social Etiquette
    • Financial Assistance
  • VI Service
    • Educational Programming >
      • National Agenda
      • The Expanded Core Curriculum
      • IDEA and Vision
      • Federal Quota Funds
      • Deaf-Blind Child Count
      • State SpEd Agencies
      • Schools for the Blind
    • Referrals >
      • Vision Concerns
      • Referral Process
      • Eligibility Guidelines
      • Vision Therapy Controversy
      • When Student Doesn't Qualify
    • Medical Vision Exams >
      • Medical Professionals
      • Vision Tests & Tools
      • Visual Acuity
      • Lenses
      • Visual Fields
    • FVLMA >
      • What is the FVE
      • Interpret the Eye Report
      • Environmental Observations
      • FVLMA Observations
      • Interviews
      • Assessment Kit Materials
      • Oculomotor Skills
      • Near Visual Acuities
      • Print Comparisons
      • Distance Acuity
      • Test Visual Fields
      • Vision Skills
      • Learning Media Assessment
      • Reading Rates
      • Writing the FVE Report
    • Service Planning >
      • ECC Annual Needs
      • Service Delivery Models
      • Least Restrictive Environment
      • Early Intervention Services
      • Students with Multiple Disabilities
      • Student Led IEPs
      • 504 Plans
      • Transition Plans
    • Writing Goals >
      • Writing SMART Goals
      • Blooms Taxonomy
      • Independent Living Goals
      • Compensatory Goals
      • Sensory Efficiency Goals
      • Assistive Technology Goals
      • Social Skills Goals
      • Recreation & Leisure Goals
      • Self Determination Goals
      • Career & Vocational Goals
    • Low Vision Eval
    • O&M Evaluation
    • Educational Assessments
  • Adaptations
    • Unique Visual Needs
    • Accommodations & Modifications
    • Home Adaptations >
      • General Home Safety
      • Kitchen Adaptations
      • Bathroom Adaptations
      • Medication Adaptations
      • Clothing Management Adaptations
    • Curriculum Adaptations >
      • Numbers & Counting
      • Algebra
      • Geometry & Spatial Sense
      • Measurement & Data
      • Early Literacy Experiences
      • Create Tactile Books
      • Reading Instruction
      • Reading Efficiency
      • Science Adaptations
      • Social Studies Adaptations
    • Material Adaptations >
      • Accessible Educational Materials
      • Large Print
      • Braille Code
      • Photocopying
      • Font Legibility
      • Increase Contrast
      • Pictures and Worksheets
      • Tactile Graphics Guidelines
      • Creating Tactile Graphics
      • Teacher Made Materials for Students with MD
    • Instructional Adaptations >
      • Individual Schedules & Communication Cards
      • Movies & Assemblies
      • Lectures & Instruction
      • Board Work (Chalk, Interactive, White)
    • Environmental Adaptations >
      • School Campus Adaptations
      • Classroom Design Tips
      • Labeling System
      • Adjust Lighting
      • Playground Adaptations
      • Sensory Areas & Rooms
    • Early Childhood Adaptations >
      • Daily Schedule
      • Morning Meeting
      • Weather Check
      • Dramatic Play
      • Blocks
    • Adaptations to the Arts >
      • Art Adaptations
      • Art Materials
      • Music
      • Music & Movement
      • Dance
    • Recreation & Leisure Adaptations >
      • Recreation Adaptations
      • VI Sports Associations
      • Recreation Resources
      • Camps for VI
      • Card and Board Game Adaptations
      • Transcribe Playing Cards
  • VI AT
    • Overview of Assistive Technology
    • VI Assistive Technology >
      • Non-Optical Low Vision Devices
      • Low/Medium Tech Devices for Tactual Learners
      • Optical Devices for Near
      • Optical Devices for Distance
      • Video Magnifiers
      • Screen Magnification & Readers
      • Braille Technology
      • Tactile Graphics Technology
      • Auditory Access Devices
      • Braillewriter Repair
    • Apps for VI >
      • Note Taking Apps
      • Apps for Accessing Books
      • Identification Apps
      • Navigation & Location Apps
      • Braille Apps
      • Magnifier Apps
      • Sound Making Apps
      • Cause & Effect Apps
      • Vision Skills Apps
      • Apps for Early Learning
      • Read to Me Story Apps
      • Apps for Communication
      • Android Apps for VI
    • AT Instruction >
      • Video Magnifier Instruction
      • Notetaker Instruction
      • Accessing Audio Books
      • Navigate Computer without a Mouse
      • Word Processing and Shortcuts
      • Keyboarding Instruction
    • iOS for VI >
      • iPads as Instructional Tools
      • Making the iOS Device Accessible
      • iOS Accessibility Resources
      • VoiceOver
    • Assistive Technology Assessment
    • VI AT Resources
    • Vendors
  • Instruction
    • Virtual Instruction
    • Instructional Strategies >
      • Development of ECC Resources
      • Teaching in Thematic Units
      • Teaching the ECC
      • Summer Reading (braille)
      • Summer Outdoor Activities
      • Rainy Day Activities
    • Compensatory >
      • Guiding Principles of Concept Development
      • Functional Skills
      • Community Based Experiences
      • Concepts to Teach
      • Organization & Study Skills
      • Cranmer Abacus Instruction
      • Time Management
    • Communication Modes >
      • Language Development
      • Braille Instruction
      • Braille Instruction Materials
      • Writing Braille
      • Signature & Handwriting Instruction
      • Nemeth Braille Code
      • Tactile Graphics Instruction
    • Sensory Efficiency >
      • Sensory Input
      • Encourage Use of Vision in Students with MD
      • Lightbox Use
      • Sensory Activities for Students with MD
      • Sensory Table
      • Visual Efficiency Skills
      • Visual Attend and Scan Activities
      • Visual Tracking Activities
      • Visual Discrimination Activities
      • Visual Motor Activities
      • Optical Device Use
      • Tactual Readiness
      • Developing Skillful Hands
      • Auditory Readiness
      • Listening Skills Instruction
    • Independent Living >
      • Responsibility & Independence
      • Mealtime Independence
      • Eating Adaptations
      • Food Preparation
      • Recipe Activities
      • Hygiene & Grooming
      • Dressing & Clothing Management
      • Money
      • Housekeeping Instruction
    • Orientation & Mobility >
      • Transition Between Activities
      • Proper Guide Techniques
      • Orienting Student to Environment
      • Mobility Skills
      • Travel
      • Dog Guides
    • Social Skills >
      • Non-Verbal Communication
      • Social Interactions
      • Self Concept
      • Icebreakers & Mixers
    • Career Education >
      • Classroom Jobs
      • Career & Vocational
      • Prepare for College & Career
    • Recreation & Leisure >
      • Learn to Play
    • Self Determination