Screen Readers for Computers

by Carmen Willings
teachingvisuallyimpaired.com
Updated May 28, 2024
Screen readers are software programs that read text displayed on a computer screen with a speech synthesizer or braille display. They are used mainly by people who do not have useful vision to read text on the screen. A screen reader is an interface between the computer's operating system and the user. The user sends commands by pressing different combinations of keys on the computer keyboard or braille display to instruct the speech synthesizer what to say and to speak automatically when changes occur on the computer screen. Selecting the right screen reader is important.

Compatibility with Operating System

Verify that the screen reader is compatible with the operating system of the computer you will be using. Ensure that it supports the version of Windows, macOS, or Linux you are using.

Application Compatibility

Check if the screen reader works seamlessly with the applications you plan to use. Not all applications are fully compatible or accessible with every screen reader, so it's essential to ensure compatibility with the specific software you need for school or work.

Braille Display Compatibility

If you use a refreshable braille display, make sure the screen reader supports your specific braille display model. Some screen readers may have limited compatibility or functionality with certain braille displays, so it's important to verify compatibility. (ex. The APH Chameleon is not compatible with Narrator.)

Keyboard and Chord Commands

Understand the keyboard or chord commands of the screen reader. Different screen readers have unique keyboard and chord commands for performing basic and advanced functions. Make sure they are intuitive and easy to remember, and assess whether they can be customized.

Text to Speech Support

Check if the screen reader supports a variety of voices. While many screen readers come with built-in speech synthesizers, some may offer the option to use additional voices, which may require separate purchases.

Cost

Consider the cost of the screen reader, as prices can vary significantly. Some screen readers are free, while others may require a large investment. Evaluate the features and capabilities offered by each screen reader to determine the best value for your needs.
By asking these questions and carefully evaluating your options, you can select a screen reader that meets the student’s accessibility requirements and enhances their computing experience. Additionally, it's beneficial to explore user reviews, demonstrations, and trial versions of screen readers to ensure compatibility and usability before making a decision.

Windows Built-In Narrator

​Narrator is a screen-reading application that's built into Windows 11 , so there's nothing you need to download or install. Windows provides an online guide that describes how to use the Narrator with Windows so that you can use apps, browsing the web, and more. While Narrator is compatible with many braille notetakers, it is not compatible with the APH Chameleon 20 Notetaker. 
Narrator Commands Reference image
Narrator Commands Quick Reference
The following are the pros and cons of Narrator.
Pros:
  • Built-In: Windows Narrator comes pre-installed with Windows operating systems, making it readily available to users without the need for additional downloads or installations.
  • No Additional Cost: Since Narrator is included with Windows, it's a cost-effective option for users who don't want to invest in third-party screen reader software.
  • Basic Functionality: Narrator provides essential screen reading capabilities, including reading text aloud, navigating menus, and interacting with basic applications and features of Windows.
  • Ease of Setup: Setting up Narrator is straightforward, and users can quickly enable it through the Ease of Access settings in Windows.
  • Updates with Windows: Narrator receives updates along with the Windows operating system, ensuring that users have access to the latest improvements and features.
Cons:
  • Limited Features: Compared to some third-party screen readers, Narrator may lack advanced features and customization options that are essential for users with more complex accessibility needs.
  • Application Compatibility: While Narrator works well with many native Windows applications, it may encounter compatibility issues with certain third-party software or web applications, limiting its usability in some contexts.
  • Learning Curve: Narrator's command structure and navigation may be less intuitive for some users compared to other screen readers, leading to a steeper learning curve, especially for those new to assistive technology.
  • Less Customization: Users may find limited customization options for adjusting speech settings, keyboard shortcuts, or braille display integration compared to dedicated screen reader software.
  • Performance Issues: Some users have reported performance issues, such as lag or delays, when using Narrator, especially with older hardware or resource-intensive applications.

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