Sensory InputStudents with visual impairments, along with students with other sensory impairments, often perceive information inaccurately or seek addition sensory input in order to focus or calm themselves. Poor sensory processing can make it difficult for a student to perform functional and academic tasks. This page details different types of sensory input a student may need and strategies to support them.
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By: Carmen Willings
teachingvisuallyimpaired.com Updated June 9, 2019 Students with visual impairments, along with students with other sensory impairments, often perceive information inaccurately or seek addition sensory input in order to focus or calm themselves. Poor sensory processing can make it difficult for a student to perform functional and academic tasks. Students behaviors can provide clues to sensory-processing problems. Students may react too much (hyper-) or too little (hypo-) to various sensations. The goal is to provide an environment that will help the student become better at interpreting and organizing sensory information. The first step is to identify the type of sensory information the student is seeking. In general, students who react too little need an alerting program, while those who react too much to stimuli need a calming environment.
Tactual InputTactual is the information received by touch including sensitivity to light touch, pressure, pain, and temperature. Activities that involve a firm, sustained touch tend to help soothe and calm students while activities involving light and brisk touching of body parts are more alerting. Many students may resist getting their hands dirty or touching a variety of materials. Encourage gradual exposure to a variety of textures and messy experiences with the goal of lengthening the experience and range of textures the student will touch and explore. Other students may appear lethargic or desire to touch everything. Perform alerting activities for the student such as tickling the arms or back and neck to alert the child. Encourage the student to wash their face and dry it to help alert them.
Possible activities to help the student who seeks tactual input include: twirling hair, drumming fingers, rubbing various fabrics, fidget toys to stretch, wiggle and twist, hugs, playing with textures (sand, rice, beans, shaving cream, finger paint, pudding, whipped cream, play-doh, clay, theraputty, or goop) or hiding objects in textures, hand massages, or hold toys or massagers that vibrate. Proprioceptive InputProprioceptive is the information about the relative positions of parts of the body. This information comes through sensations arising in the muscles, joints, ligaments, and receptors associated with the bones. Consider giving the student a medium to heavy weight backpack to wear while walking.
Possible activities to help the student who seeks tactual input include: snuggling in quilts, sitting in a beanbag chair, cracking knuckles, jiggling/crossing legs, sitting on legs, heavy workload activities, pushing, pulling, tug-o-war, wall pushes, and monkey bars, take a "power walk", wheelbarrow walk, crawl or climb, or do wall push-ups. Consider placing a beanbag chair in a quiet area for the student to use. Visual InputVisual is the information received through the eyes. Visual input that is bland or monotonous tends to be calming. Students that seek a calm environment may benefit from dimming the lights or working in a cubicle or corralled area. Visual input that is bright and high in contrast or reflective tends to be alerting. These students may prefer video games, neon colors and fluorescent lights.
Possible activities to help the student who seeks visual input include: gazing at painted fingernails, and rings; flipping through magazines; watch fish in a fish tank; watch "oil and water" toys. Minimize visual clutter as they can be visually distracting and may add to disorganization. Gustatory InputGustatory is the information received through the tongue/lips. Closely tied to the sense of smell. Possible activities to help the student who seeks gustatory input include: chewing flavored toothpicks, sucking on candy (sour will alert), chewing gum, drink a milkshake, crunch or suck on ice pieces, chew on coffee swizzle sticks, take slow deep breathes. The student can also be encouraged to suck, swallow and breathe in coordination to self regulate, calm and focus.
Auditory InputAuditory is the information received through the ears. Sounds that are rhythmic, soft, and constant are calming. Sounds that are loud and variable are alerting. For a student who is easily distracted by loud noises, use soft and calm talking to focus the student's attention. Play soft music in the background to calm the student or allow them to wear ear protectors or headphones to buffer the noise.
Possible activities to help the student who seeks auditory input include humming of a humidifier, soft whir of a fan or whistling, tapping a pencil on a surface, playing background music or music on an iPod or other music recording device. Consider placing a plush area rug or soft carpet in a quiet area of the room where the student can go to retreat. Vestibular InputVestibular is the information received through receptors in the inner ear that enables us to detect motion, especially acceleration and deceleration. Closely tied to the visual system. Slow, repetitive, rhythmic activities along with heavy work with sustained muscle tension tend to be soothing and calming while activities that involve moving quickly, spinning, and changing direction, speed, or body position tend to be more alerting. For the student who cannot sit still in their chair or frequently rocks in the chair, encourage frequent changes in position by having the student complete small errands. Consider having a rocking chair available or allow the student to sit on a large therapy ball.
Possible activities to help the student who seeks vestibular input include rocking in chairs, complete work while sitting on a therapy ball, twist on bar stools or office chair, swing, move on a scooter board, roll on floor, balance on a balance board, jump on a trampoline, carrying a heavy box, or pushing a lunch cart, sliding board play, roll on floor to target, bounce on ball, or dance to music. Consider hanging a hammock, swinging chair or porch swing in an area where the student can go to relax. Olfactory InputOlfactory is the information received through the nose. Examples of soothing smells include vanilla and baked bread. Distinctive smells tend to be more alerting such as lemon and peppermint.
Possible activities to help the student who seeks olfactory input include: wear perfume or body spray, provide scratch and sniff stickers, or use pleasant room sprays. Avoid aversive smells if the student is nauseated by smells and keep the student away from smells that negatively affect them. Calming Strategies
If the student is hyper-aroused or shows an increased activity level, the following activities may help calm the student down:
Material Suggestions...
Sensory Learning Kit
This kit, available from APH, is for use in the development of skills for learners with the most significant challenges. It contains sensory items to increase curiosity and develop skills. My favorite item in this kit is by far the Power Select. It allows the user to connect a switch to activate items plugged into the device. You can adjust the settings to adjust the time the item is activated to meet the student's unique needs. |
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Buy together at a reduced price and get BONUS resources! TVI’s Guide to Teaching the ECC: An Activities Based Curriculum for Teaching Students who are Blind or Visually Impaired The TVI’s Guide to Teaching the ECC is a digital pdf available for download. It is designed specifically for fellow itinerant Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments (TVI’s), and consists of over 400 activities and topic areas of discussion for instructing students in the Expanded Core Curriculum. The activities are age-neutral and multi-sensory and therefore can meet the needs of the broad range of students served on an itinerant caseload serving. The activities can be individualized to the students various learning modalities and scaffold in order to challenge students but ensure success. Select those activities that align with the student’s learning objects based on the student’s unique visual needs and academic and developmental level. In addition to the core activity areas, each of the 32 Thematic Units incorporates additional unique ECC concepts and skills providing you with a years’ worth of activities. These units are cyclical and can be used repeatedly to help students build on prior knowledge and develop a deeper understanding of concepts. Each unit includes suggestions for activity adaptation associated with the unit. These include lists of objects, possible community-based experiences, environmental print, poems, children & young reader books, children's songs, pop culture songs, movies, and websites. In addition to the book, the following two supplements are included: ·      TVI’s Guide to the ECC Concept Checklist ·      TVI’s Guide to the ECC Activities Checklist For complete product details and additional images, visit the TVI's Guide product page. TVI's Guide to the ECC Product details ·      Digital pdf download: 346 pages (11 pt font) ·      Publisher: Teaching Students with Visual Impairments ·      Author: Carmen Willings ·      Language: English Visual Efficiency & Near Magnifier Fluency Worksheets: TVI's Guide to the ECC Grab and Go Supplements The Near Magnifier Fluency Worksheets is a Grab and Go supplement to the TVI's Guide to Teaching the ECC. This workbook is a pdf download that can be printed on demand for use with students. It contains five different types of worksheets for developing visual motor skills and near magnifier fluency skills particularly with the use of a video magnifier. As a companion to the TVI’s Guide to the ECC, the worksheets correspond to each of the 32 ECC Thematic units. The worksheets, along with a list of environmental print for each thematic unit, are designed to help students refine their visual motor skills while reinforcing ECC concepts presented in the thematic units.  For complete product details and additional images, visit the Visual Efficiency & Near Magnifier Product Page. Visual Efficiency & Near Magnifier Fluency Worksheet Details: ·      Digital pdf download: 210 pages ·      Publisher: Teaching Students with Visual Impairments ·      Author: Carmen Willings ·      Language: English Thematic Keyboarding & Braille Fluency and Maintenance Worksheets: A TVI’s Guide to Teaching the ECC Grab & go Supplement The Thematic Keyboarding & Braille Fluency and Maintenance Grab and Go ECC worksheet packet is a print on demand workbook that contains worksheets in print and simulated braille to use for data collection. Present the student with a hard braille copy and use the worksheets to document accuracy and fluency in reading braille. As a companion to the TVI’s Guide to the ECC, the worksheets correspond to the ECC Thematic activities presented in the curriculum guide. These word lists and sentences will help the student refine their keyboarding or braille reading skills while bridging ECC concepts presented in the thematic units. Although the lists and passages can be produced using a manual braillewriter, you may also copy and paste the passages into any braille translation software for quick production on an embosser. They may also be entered into a typing program such as APH’s Talking Typer to build keyboarding fluency. For complete product details and additional images, visit the Thematic Keyboarding & Braille Fluency & Maintenance Product Page Thematic Keyboarding & Braille Fluency Worksheet Details: ·      Digital pdf download: 338-page print and simulated braille worksheets ·      Publisher: Teaching Students with Visual Impairments ·      Author: Carmen Willings ·      Language: English Thematic Vocabulary Cards and Checklists: Grab & Go ECC Supplement The Thematic Vocabulary Cards and Checklists Grab and Go ECC supplement is a 446 page pdf downloadable print on demand workbook that includes 2940 vocabulary card on 3 1/2" x 2" templates divided by each of the 32 Thematic Units along with a checklist of each unit words in print and simulated braille. As a companion to the TVI's Guide to the ECC, the vocabulary cards correspond to the ECC Thematic activities presented in the curriculum guide. Additional Use: Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments can have a extremely varied caseloads. It is possible to go several years without having a student on your caseload who requires braille instruction. Like other skills, if you do not practice your braille regularly, it is easy to lose those skills. Use these checklists and cards to maintain your braille skills. Fold the checklist along the line dividing the print from the braille. Choose to either read the print and produce the word in braille using a braillewriter or read the simulated braille and decode it. Finally, these vocabulary cards and checklists may be used with family members or peers who are interested in learning and practicing the braille code. For complete product details and additional images, visit the Thematic Vocabulary Cards & Checklists Product Page Thematic Vocabulary Cards and Checklists Details: ·      Digital pdf download: 446-page print on demand resource ·      Publisher: Teaching Students with Visual Impairments ·      Author: Carmen Willings ·      Language: English BONUS! Lotto Cards The LOTTO Cards Grab and Go Supplement includes 37 theme related unit cards along with activity suggestions that support activities within the TVI's Guide to Teaching the ECC. On My Way File Folder Cards Print and use these cards to represent locations the student may visit that are related to the current thematic unit. Use these with the On My Way File Folder Game outlined in the TVI's Guide to Teaching the ECC p. 27. NEW! Access to TVI's Guide Bonus Membership Pages Note: All products are digital pdf downloads. Once you make your purchase you will be directed to an order confirmation page where you will find the download link. This download will also be included on the receipt sent to the email address you provide. The pdf download can be found directly under the order number. If you encounter any difficulty, please let me know and I can assist you. *Please contact me if you need to purchase using a purchase order. 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