Age-Appropriate Materials & Instruction

By: Carmen Willings
teachingvisuallyimpaired.com
Updated June 17, 2025
Providing instruction that is both developmentally appropriate and age-respectful is essential for meeting the diverse needs of students with visual impairments and multiple disabilities. While students may function at a developmental level significantly below their chronological age, materials and activities should still reflect dignity, respect, and engagement appropriate for their age group.

​Selecting Age-Respectful Materials

​A student may be 13 years old but functioning at the developmental level of an infant. However, this does not justify using infant or toddler toys that appear immature or stigmatizing. Instead, select materials that:
  • Reflect the student’s interests and sensory needs
  • Serve the same developmental purpose (e.g., grasping, cause and effect, tracking)
  • Are visually, tactilely, or auditorily stimulating
  • Are durable and safe while respecting the student’s age and individuality
Tip: Consider adapting age-neutral items or using assistive tools (e.g., textured fidgets, adapted board games, musical instruments) that support developmental goals without infantilizing the learner.

​Incorporating IEP Goals

​Embed IEP goals and objectives meaningfully into daily routines, centers, and instructional activities. This helps ensure that instruction remains:
  • Systematic yet naturalistic
  • Focused on specific skill development
  • Engaging and purpose-driven
Whether targeting literacy, orientation & mobility, daily living skills, or social communication, align goals with real-world, age-appropriate tasks and materials.

Creating Accessible Learning Stations

​Set up clearly defined learning areas or stations that promote exploration and autonomy. To make stations effective:
  • Use labels in both print and braille where appropriate
  • Ensure the layout is consistent and predictable
  • Provide multisensory input (tactile, auditory, visual) to support independent access
  • Include storage solutions that allow students to retrieve and return materials independently
Creating a literacy-rich environment supports symbolic understanding, early communication skills, and concept development, while promoting independence.

Adapting Instruction

​Instruction should be flexible, engaging, and tailored to each student’s:
  • Strengths and needs
  • Learning style
  • Communication preferences
Provide appropriate levels of scaffolding and gradual release of responsibility. Prioritize hands-on, experiential learning that aligns with both interests and real-world relevance. For example, rather than using toy food for sorting, use real utensils or adaptive kitchen tools when safe and feasible.

Monitoring Progress & Providing Feedback

Continually assess student growth and adjust instruction based on observations and data. Use both formal and informal assessment tools. Provide:
  • Timely, meaningful feedback
  • Positive reinforcement
  • Opportunities to generalize skills across settings
Remember, progress may be incremental, but every step forward is meaningful.

​Additional Tips

  • Material swap: Replace pastel or cartoon themes with bold colors, real-life images, or high-contrast tactile textures.
  • Scale up: Look for products marketed toward therapy, rehabilitation, or adult learning environments.
  • Label & language: Use clear, respectful language when describing materials.
  • Social dignity: Let peers and family members interact with similar materials in different ways (e.g., all students build with blocks or write in journals adapted to their own needs).

Final Thoughts

When you prioritize both developmental appropriateness and age-respectfulness, you honor the dignity of every student. Avoiding infantilizing materials allows students to:
  • Engage meaningfully with the world
  • Build confidence and self-esteem
  • Develop skills in an inclusive, respectful learning environment
By individualizing instruction and selecting thoughtful materials, you empower students to learn and grow at their own pace, while still feeling like the age group they belong to.

ECC Instruction

The ecc
teaching strategies
compensatory skills
Concept DevelopmentAlternative CommunicationEmergent Literacy​Access Print
​Pre-Braille ​Braille Code​​​Braille Formatting
​Braillewriter​​Slate & Stylus​​Tactile Graphics​Nemeth Code​Access Classes​Abacus ​Organize​​Study Skills​Time Management​​​​Listening Skills
assistive technology
social skills
Self determination
sensory efficiency
Sensory Input
​​​Sensory Areas & Rooms​​​
​Auditory ReadinessVisual Efficiency Skills​Optical Device Instruction​Tactual Efficiency​Tactile Readiness ​
Independent Living
​ Eating & Table MannersClothing IdentificationTelephoneFood PreparationMoney & BudgetService Agencies​SafetyHygiene & GroomingPersonal HealthHousehold Skills​​Shopping & Consumerism
Orientation & Mobility
Recreation & Leisure
career & vocational