Teaching Students with Visual Impairments
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      • Individual Schedules & Communication Cards
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      • Labeling System
      • Adjust Lighting
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Print Size Comparisons

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Print Comparisons

By: Carmen Willings
teachingvisuallyimpaired.com
​Updated October 23, 2017

I use this environmental print comparison regularly to help team members understand the comparison between the acuity a student is able to visually access and how it relates to font sizes. Keep in mind that it is important to use the lowest font size a student is able to easily, accurately, and fluidly read for longer passages. Although a student may have a threshold for a smaller font, if they cannot read it with accuracy and fluency, it will not be an efficient font size for sustained reading.

Near Vision Snellen Test Chart

The following is a list of environmental print that correlates to the acuity on a Near Vision Snellen Test Chart.
Jaeger
M
Acuity
Print Size Comparison
Example
Value
.4
20/20
 3 pt font
medicine bottle labels
J1
.5
20/25
4 pt font
mail order catalogs
J2
.6
20/30
5 pt font
small print Bible; footnotes
J3
.8
20/40
6 pt font
want ads; telephone directory
J5
1.0
20/50
8 pt font
small column newsprint
J7
1.2
20/60
10 pt font
paperback books; newsprint
J10
1.3
20/65
12 pt font
Grade 4-7 children's books
-
1.6
20/80
14 pt font
Grade 1-3 children's books
-
2.0
20/100
16 pt font
computer display type
-
2.15
20/108
18 pt font
Pre-K/K Children's books
J12
2.5
20/125
20 pt font
Books for ages 7-8
J14
3.0
20/150
24 pt font
Large Print Books
J15
4.0
20/200
33 pt font
Sub-headlines; children's books
J16
8.0
20/400
66 pt font
Newspaper headlines
Information in the above chart was taken from the "Near Vision Test Chart" by the Low Vision Clinic, N.C. Memorial Hospital Dept. of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.

Functional Distance Acuity Approximations

The following is is a list of Functional Distance Acuity Approximations at a distance of 20 feet.
Gross Sizes (Observable overall size of an item)
Snellen Equivalent
Minimum Sizes (separation, detail sizes)
Snellen Equivalent
3/8"
20/20
1/16"
20/20
7/16"
20/25
.
.
1/2"
20/30
1/8"
20/30
3/4"
20/40
3/16"
20/40
1"
20/60
1/4"
20/60
1 1/2"
20/80
5/16"
20/80
1 3/4"
20/100
7/16"
20/100
2"
20/120
1/2"
20/120
2 7/16"
20/140
9/16"
20/140
2 3/4"
20/160
11/16"
20/160
3 1/4"
20/180
.
.
3 1/2"
20/200
13/16"
20/200
4 1/4"
20/225
.
.
5 1/4"
20/300
5/16"
20/300
6 3/4"
20/350
1"
20/350
7 1/8"
20/400
1 3/16"
20/400
10 1/2"
20/600
1 1/2"
20/600
12"
20/700
1 5/8"
20/700

Approximate Functional Vision Acuity

An approximation of functional visual acuity can be determined for students that are non-verbal or otherwise unable to perform for standard acuity assessment by comparing the size of the object the student can identify to the distance from the student. Although this can't be used as an exact measurement, it can provide you with an idea of the student's acuity.

Distance from the student:

Size of Object
2 feet
4 feet
6 feet
8 feet
20 feet
1/4"
20/200
20/100
20/67
20/50
20/20
1/2"
20/400
20/200
20/133
20/100
20/40
3/4"
20/600
20/300
20/200
20/150
20/60
1"
20/800
20/400
20/267
20/200
20/80
Topor, I. (2004). Approximate functional visual acuity for different sizes of objects and distances. Chapel Hill, NC: Early Intervention Training Center for Infants and Toddlers With Visual Impairments, FPG Child Development Institute, UNC-CH. Visual Conditions Module 06/06/04 S4 Handout H

Conducting a FVLMA On-Demand Webinar

Cover slide of Strategies and Tips for Conducting the FVLMA with the letters FVLMA in different colors and each wearing glasses
This presentation provides a walk-through of the process and steps of conducting a Functional Vision Evaluation and Learning/Reading Media Assessment. Key points include interpreting the eye report, materials to use in the assessment, conducting interviews and observations as well as strategies for direct assessment and writing a professional and thorough report that is informative to all audiences.  Next steps are also covered including the importance of a low vision assessment, determining the need for additional assistive technology and implications for service.  ​

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Purchase the TVI's Guide to Teaching the ECC Complete Set and immediately unlock the pages within the ECC Complete Set Bonus including bonus printables, interactive sensory stories, interactive matching activities, interactive choice making activities, job task box activities and MORE! This is my way of continuing to support you and say "Thank you!" for choosing to purchase the Complete Set. 

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Picture of Typometer Kostenlos
Recently, Carson Cochran, program manager at GIMC, shared a typometer pdf that was printed on clear acetate with me. By printing it on clear acetate, you can place the typometer over print to determine the font size. You can find a number of these available on Pinterest or by doing a Google search. Pictured is the Typometer that Carson provided me. What a great tool! 

Picture of C-Thru Flexible Typesetter Ruler
​A typesetter ruler, like this C-Thru Flexible Typesetter’s Ruler, is made of clear plastic and has leading, type size, point rule, pica, point and inch scales. It will include font samples and rules of different sizes and more. Place it over your printed piece and match up the text in your sample with those printed on the ruler in order to get an estimate of the font size and line spacing and size of any rules in the design.  APH's Newt kit includes this typesetter ruler! 

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The mission of Teaching Students with Visual Impairments is to provide all persons involved in education students who are blind or visually impaired with the necessary resources to help each student become successful members of their communities and to equip those in the visual impairment field with resources to meet the wide range of needs of the students they serve. ​
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    • Itinerant Teaching Strategies & Tips
    • Accommodations for VI
    • Strategies & Activities for Standard Course of Study
    • Using Themes to Teach the ECC
    • Accessible Content for BLVI
    • Conducting a FVLMA
    • Developing SMARTER Goals
    • Selecting the Right AT
    • Tips for Being a "Physically Fit" TVI
    • The Art of Teaching the ECC
    • Activities to Teach the ECC
    • Determining Service Intensity Using the VISSIT
  • Professional Practice
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      • Simulation Activities
    • Professional Publications >
      • General VI Resource Books
      • CVI & MD Resource Books
      • Braille Resource Books
      • O&M Resource Books
      • Early Intervention Resource Books
      • Journal Resources
  • Foundations of VI
    • History of Visual Impairments >
      • Timeline of VI
      • Biblical Passages Concerning Blindness
      • Notable People
      • Helen Keller
      • APH Museum
      • Leaders & Legends
      • History of Braillewriters
      • Legislation
    • Visual Impairments >
      • Structure & Function of the Eye
      • Vision Classifications
      • Common Vocabulary
      • Common Visual Impairments
      • Cortical Visual Impairments
      • Convergence Insufficiency (CI)
      • Deaf-Blind
    • VI Resources >
      • VI Organizations
      • US Government Agencies
      • Support Networks
      • Deaf-Blind Resources
      • Georgia Vision Resources
      • Online Parent Resources
    • V.I. Book Resources >
      • Children's Books
      • Young Reader Books
      • Books about Dog Guides
      • Teen & Young Adult Books
      • Non-Fiction Books
      • Helen Keller Books
      • Parent Resource Books
      • Grief & Suffering Books
    • Impact on Development & Learning
    • Psychological Impact
    • Social Etiquette
    • Financial Assistance
  • VI Service
    • Educational Programming >
      • National Agenda
      • The Expanded Core Curriculum
      • IDEA and Vision
      • Federal Quota Funds
      • Deaf-Blind Child Count
      • State SpEd Agencies
      • Schools for the Blind
    • Referrals >
      • Vision Concerns
      • Referral Process
      • Eligibility Guidelines
      • Vision Therapy Controversy
      • When Student Doesn't Qualify
    • Medical Vision Exams >
      • Medical Professionals
      • Vision Tests & Tools
      • Visual Acuity
      • Lenses
      • Visual Fields
    • FVLMA >
      • What is the FVE
      • Interpret the Eye Report
      • Environmental Observations
      • FVLMA Observations
      • Interviews
      • Assessment Kit Materials
      • Oculomotor Skills
      • Near Visual Acuities
      • Print Comparisons
      • Distance Acuity
      • Test Visual Fields
      • Vision Skills
      • Learning Media Assessment
      • Reading Rates
      • Writing the FVE Report
    • Service Planning >
      • ECC Annual Needs
      • Service Delivery Models
      • Least Restrictive Environment
      • Early Intervention Services
      • Students with Multiple Disabilities
      • Student Led IEPs
      • 504 Plans
      • Transition Plans
    • Writing Goals >
      • Writing SMART Goals
      • Blooms Taxonomy
      • Independent Living Goals
      • Compensatory Goals
      • Sensory Efficiency Goals
      • Assistive Technology Goals
      • Social Skills Goals
      • Recreation & Leisure Goals
      • Self Determination Goals
      • Career & Vocational Goals
    • Low Vision Eval
    • O&M Evaluation
    • Educational Assessments
  • Adaptations
    • Unique Visual Needs
    • Accommodations & Modifications
    • Home Adaptations >
      • General Home Safety
      • Kitchen Adaptations
      • Bathroom Adaptations
      • Medication Adaptations
      • Clothing Management Adaptations
    • Curriculum Adaptations >
      • Numbers & Counting
      • Algebra
      • Geometry & Spatial Sense
      • Measurement & Data
      • Early Literacy Experiences
      • Create Tactile Books
      • Reading Instruction
      • Reading Efficiency
      • Science Adaptations
      • Social Studies Adaptations
    • Material Adaptations >
      • Accessible Educational Materials
      • Large Print
      • Braille Code
      • Photocopying
      • Font Legibility
      • Increase Contrast
      • Pictures and Worksheets
      • Tactile Graphics Guidelines
      • Creating Tactile Graphics
      • Teacher Made Materials for Students with MD
    • Instructional Adaptations >
      • Individual Schedules & Communication Cards
      • Movies & Assemblies
      • Lectures & Instruction
      • Board Work (Chalk, Interactive, White)
    • Environmental Adaptations >
      • School Campus Adaptations
      • Classroom Design Tips
      • Labeling System
      • Adjust Lighting
      • Playground Adaptations
      • Sensory Areas & Rooms
    • Early Childhood Adaptations >
      • Daily Schedule
      • Morning Meeting
      • Weather Check
      • Dramatic Play
      • Blocks
    • Adaptations to the Arts >
      • Art Adaptations
      • Art Materials
      • Music
      • Music & Movement
      • Dance
    • Recreation & Leisure Adaptations >
      • Recreation Adaptations
      • VI Sports Associations
      • Recreation Resources
      • Camps for VI
      • Card and Board Game Adaptations
      • Transcribe Playing Cards
  • VI AT
    • Overview of Assistive Technology
    • VI Assistive Technology >
      • Non-Optical Low Vision Devices
      • Low/Medium Tech Devices for Tactual Learners
      • Optical Devices for Near
      • Optical Devices for Distance
      • Video Magnifiers
      • Screen Magnification & Readers
      • Braille Technology
      • Tactile Graphics Technology
      • Auditory Access Devices
      • Braillewriter Repair
    • Apps for VI >
      • Note Taking Apps
      • Apps for Accessing Books
      • Identification Apps
      • Navigation & Location Apps
      • Braille Apps
      • Magnifier Apps
      • Sound Making Apps
      • Cause & Effect Apps
      • Vision Skills Apps
      • Apps for Early Learning
      • Read to Me Story Apps
      • Apps for Communication
      • Android Apps for VI
    • AT Instruction >
      • Video Magnifier Instruction
      • Notetaker Instruction
      • Accessing Audio Books
      • Navigate Computer without a Mouse
      • Word Processing and Shortcuts
      • Keyboarding Instruction
    • iOS for VI >
      • iPads as Instructional Tools
      • Making the iOS Device Accessible
      • iOS Accessibility Resources
      • VoiceOver
    • Assistive Technology Assessment
    • VI AT Resources
    • Vendors
  • Instruction
    • Virtual Instruction
    • Instructional Strategies >
      • Development of ECC Resources
      • Teaching in Thematic Units
      • Teaching the ECC
      • Summer Reading (braille)
      • Summer Outdoor Activities
      • Rainy Day Activities
    • Compensatory >
      • Guiding Principles of Concept Development
      • Functional Skills
      • Community Based Experiences
      • Concepts to Teach
      • Organization & Study Skills
      • Cranmer Abacus Instruction
      • Time Management
    • Communication Modes >
      • Language Development
      • Braille Instruction
      • Braille Instruction Materials
      • Writing Braille
      • Signature & Handwriting Instruction
      • Nemeth Braille Code
      • Tactile Graphics Instruction
    • Sensory Efficiency >
      • Sensory Input
      • Encourage Use of Vision in Students with MD
      • Lightbox Use
      • Sensory Activities for Students with MD
      • Sensory Table
      • Visual Efficiency Skills
      • Visual Attend and Scan Activities
      • Visual Tracking Activities
      • Visual Discrimination Activities
      • Visual Motor Activities
      • Optical Device Use
      • Tactual Readiness
      • Developing Skillful Hands
      • Auditory Readiness
      • Listening Skills Instruction
    • Independent Living >
      • Responsibility & Independence
      • Mealtime Independence
      • Eating Adaptations
      • Food Preparation
      • Recipe Activities
      • Hygiene & Grooming
      • Dressing & Clothing Management
      • Money
      • Housekeeping Instruction
    • Orientation & Mobility >
      • Transition Between Activities
      • Proper Guide Techniques
      • Orienting Student to Environment
      • Mobility Skills
      • Travel
      • Dog Guides
    • Social Skills >
      • Non-Verbal Communication
      • Social Interactions
      • Self Concept
      • Icebreakers & Mixers
    • Career Education >
      • Classroom Jobs
      • Career & Vocational
      • Prepare for College & Career
    • Recreation & Leisure >
      • Learn to Play
    • Self Determination