Teaching Students with Visual Impairments
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Math Adaptations

By: Carmen Willings | teachingvisuallyimpaired.com | ​Updated June 26, 2025

Teaching math to students who are blind or have low vision requires intentional adaptation and the use of accessible, engaging materials. The goal is to make abstract mathematical concepts concrete, meaningful, and developmentally appropriate. The following strategies support inclusive, hands-on learning:

​Strategies for Teach Math Concepts 

  • Begin with Real Objects. Start instruction with concrete, three-dimensional objects. Use tactile manipulatives such as blocks, counters, and everyday items to introduce concepts like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Incorporate tools such as braille rulers, tactile tape measures, and raised-line graphing materials to explore measurement and data. This approach helps students build a strong foundation before moving to symbolic representation.
  • Provide Hands-On Experiences. Give students opportunities to actively explore shapes and spatial relationships. Activities such as assembling puzzles, sorting and classifying objects, and manipulating materials support understanding of geometry, spatial reasoning, and object properties.
  • Transition to Tactile Graphics. As understanding develops, introduce two-dimensional raised-line materials such as tactile graphics and braille diagrams. This prepares students to access textbooks and standardized materials while supporting independence in more abstract math tasks.
  • Use a Multisensory Approach. Combine tactile, auditory, and verbal instruction. Encourage students to explore patterns, relationships, and functions using multiple senses to reinforce understanding and support different learning styles.
  • Introduce Graphing Early. Provide opportunities for students to create and explore tactile graphs using raised-line paper, Wikki Stix, or objects. Have students sort data, build simple graphs, and represent real-world information in meaningful ways.
  • Teach Graph Interpretation. Guide students in analyzing tactile graphs and charts. Focus on identifying key information, making comparisons, and drawing conclusions to build data literacy and critical thinking skills.
  • Use the Abacus and Nemeth Code. Introduce the abacus to support computation and number sense. As students progress, teach the Nemeth Code to ensure accurate and consistent access to mathematical notation in braille.
  • Incorporate Assistive Technology. Use tools such as talking calculators and accessible digital platforms to support independent problem-solving and access to mathematical content.
  • ​​Promote Critical Thinking. Encourage students to explain their reasoning, analyze information, and evaluate data. Provide opportunities to identify errors, compare solutions, and justify answers.
  • Offer Flexible Approaches. Match materials and strategies to the student’s level of understanding. Use real objects, tactile graphics, or symbolic representations as appropriate to support progression from concrete to abstract learning.
  • Connect Math to Real Life. Relate math to everyday experiences such as shopping, cooking, reading schedules, or interpreting data. Real-world connections increase relevance and support functional skill development.
  • Incorporate Movement and Interaction. Engage students through games, exploration, and collaborative activities that reinforce concepts while promoting active participation.
  • Differentiate Instruction. Adapt instruction to meet individual needs by providing structured guidance, repeated practice, and varied learning opportunities. Ensure each student has meaningful access to math concepts and the tools needed for success.

Math instruction in the primary grades should be as concrete as possible." ~ Bishop, Virginia. Teaching Visually Impaired Children. Charles C. Thomas. 1996. p.67.
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  • ​Notable People 
  • Helen Keller
  • ​History of Braillewriters  
  • APH Museum
Professional Publications
  • VI Resource Books
  • ​Journal Resources
Tools (VI Basics)
​​Program Tools & Templates
  • ​​Year at a Glance
  • Caseload Analysis  
  • Organization & Time Management
  • VI Program Handbook
​Policy & Advocacy
  • ​National Agenda
  • Legislation ​
  • IDEA and Vision 
  • ​Federal Quota Funds
  • ​Deaf-Blind Count
Professional Support
  • ​Itinerant Teacher Tips 
  • ​Professional Development
  • ​Teacher Standards 
  • Professional Ethics 
  • ​​APH Scholar Program
  • Professional Organizations
  • Certification Organizations​
  • Dealing with Challenges
  • Awards & Recognition
AT Resources​
  • ​VI AT Resources​​​
  • Vendors​
Plan: Referrals & Eligibility
Referral & Eligibility​
  • ​Referral Process  
  • Vision Concerns 
  • Eligibility Guidelines  
  • ​Vision Classifications
  • When the Student Doesn't Qualify
​Medical Vision Information 
  • ​Medical Vision Professionals
  • Medical Tests & Tools
  • ​Structure & Function of the Eye ​
  • ​Visual Acuity
  • Lenses
  • Visual Fields
  • ​Interpret the Eye Report
  • ​Common Vocabulary  
  • ​Common Visual Impairments
  • ​Cerebral Visual Impairment
  • ​Convergence Insufficiency  
  • ​​​Deaf-Blind
  • Vision Therapy Controversy ​
FVLMA
  • ​​What is the FVLMA​
  • ​​Environmental Observations
  • Student Observations
  • Interviews
  • Assessment Kit Materials
  • Oculomotor Skills
  • Near Vision Acuities
  • Print Comparisons
  • Distance Acuity 
  • ​Test Visual Fields
  • Vision Skills
  • Learning Media Assessment
  • Reading Rates
  • Accommodations & Modifications
  • Writing the FVE Report  ​
Low Vision Evaluations
  • Low Vision Evaluation  ​
  • Non-Optical Low Vision Devices
  • ​Optical Devices for Near 
  • Optical Devices for Distance ​
  • ​Optical Device Use​
Other Evaluations
  • O&M Evaluation
  • ​​Psychological Impact
  • Impact on Development & Learning
  • ​​Educational Assessments  
  • ​​Language Development
Plan: IEP Planning
​​​Service Plans
  • ​​​​Schools for the Blind ​
  • ​Least Restrictive Environment
  • ​Student Led IEP's 
  • ​​Transition Plans
  • ​504 Plans
  • ​ECC Annual Needs ​
  • Writing SMART Goals
  • Blooms Taxonomy  
  • Prioritizing IEP Goals
  • ​Unique Visual Needs
Goals & Objectives
  • Compensatory Goals 
  • Assistive Technology Goals 
  • Social Skills Goals  
  • Self-Determination Goals 
  • ​Sensory Efficiency Goals  
  • Independent Living Goals 
  • Recreation & Leisure Goals   
  • Career & Vocational Goals  ​
Plan: Collaboration & Accessibility
​Collaboration
  • Role of the Classroom Teacher  
  • Collaboration Strategies
  • ​Collaborative Teaming
  • Communication Strategies
  • Family Resources
  • Early Interventions Services
  • ​​​​Guiding Principles
  • Modeling and Demonstration
  • ​Simulation Activities ​​
  • Peer Interaction Tips
  • ​​State SpEd Agencies ​
  • ​US Government Agencies
  • ​Support Networks
  • ​​Financial Assistance
  • ​​​Parent Resource Books 
  • VI Consumer Organizations
Accessible Materials
  • Importance of Accessibility
  • Accessible Instructional Materials
  •  Create Accessible Content for BLVI
  • Document Accessibility
  • Font Legibility
  • Increase Contrast
  • ​Large Print
  • Pictures & Worksheets 
  • ​Photocopying
​Classroom Access
  • Classroom Design Tips
  • ​​​Adjust Lighting  
  • ​​​Label Classroom
  • School Campus Adaptations
  • ​Playground Adaptations 
  • ​​​​Sensory Areas & Rooms
  • Movies & Assemblies
  • Videos and Media
  • Accessible Board Work ​
Instructional Access
  • ​Lectures & Instruction 
  • Morning Meeting
  • Functional Skills Curriculum 
  • Language Arts​
  • Math Adaptations
  • ​Science Adaptations 
  • Social Studies Adaptations
  • Age Appropriate Materials​
Technology Access
  • Obtaining an iPad
  • Apps for VI
  • Android Apps for VI
​Additional Supports
  • Daily Schedule ​​
  • ​Social Etiquette
  • Summer Reading (braille)
  • Toy Selection
  • ​Grief and Suffering 
  • ​Obtaining Braille Books
  • ​​Sensory Input
Service Delivery Models  ​
Teach: Compensatory Skills
Compensatory Skills
Concept Development
  • Developing Concepts
  • Body Awareness 
  • Identify Body Parts & Relationships
  • ​Action & Motion Concepts
  • Environmental Awareness 
  • Spatial Awareness 
  • Spatial Understanding
  • Object Awareness
  • ​Object Exploration 
  • Object Identification 
  • ​Object Comparison 
  • Match Objects 
  • Object Characteristic 
  • Time Concepts
  • Quantity & Number Concepts​​​ 
  • Color Concepts 
  • ​​Weather Concepts 
  • Identification Apps​
​Alternative Communication
  • ​Intentional Movement
  • Switch Access
  • ​​Cause & Effect Apps
  • Sound-Making Apps
  • Transition Between Activities
  • Arrival & Departure Routines
  • ​Dynamic Learning Circle
  • Individual Schedules
  • Anticipation Schedules
  • Cues and Prompts
  • Using Routines
  • Role Enrichment
​Emergent Literacy
  • Supporting Emergent Literacy
  • Select Reading Materials
  • Read Aloud
  • Read to Me Story Apps
  • Apps for Early Learning
  • Creating Tactile Books & Book Bag 
  • ​Awareness of Environmental Print 
  • Developing Book Sense 
​Braille Code
​Beginning Braille ​
  • ​Techniques to Read 
  • ​​Alphabet Object Book 
  • Early Braille Literacy 
  • ​​Braille Cell Instruction 
  • Sequential Braille Instruction 
  • Braille Awareness 
  • Braille Apps
Braille Fluency & Comprehension 
  • Reading Fluency 
  • ​​Reading Comprehension 
Writing Braille
  • Using the Braillewriter 
  • ​Braillewriter Repair
  • Writing Activities 
  • ​Braille Formatting 
  • ​​​​​Slate & Stylus Basics 
​​​Nemeth Code Instruction 
​​​Tactile Graphics
  • Tactile Graphics Overview
  • Match 3D to 2D 
  • ​Tactile Graphics Guidelines 
  • Methods of Creating Tactile Graphics 
  • ​Tactile Graphics Instruction 
  • ​​Tactile Graphics Technology​
​Print Concepts
  • Signature & Dates 
  • Handwriting ​
​​Abacus 
  • ​​Cranmer Abacus Instruction
  • Abacus Basics 
  • Set and Clear on Abacus 
  • Add & Subtract on Abacus  
  • Thematic Word Problems  
​​Organization Skills​
  • Organize School Supplies 
  • Where Does It Belong? 
  • ​Personal Belongings 
  • Organize Homework Space 
  • Lockers and Cubbies 
  • Labeling and Filing Materials 
  • Organize Office Supplies 
  • Address/Phone Directory 
  • Organizing Notebooks 
​​Study Skills
  • Book Lists 
  • Locate Library Books​ 
  • Research 
  • Study Skills Instruction 
  • ​Study Habits 
  • Identify Pertinent Information 
  • Note Taking Apps
​​Time Management
  • Time Management Instruction 
  • Keep Track of Time 
  • School Schedules 
  • Appointment & Schedules 
  • Ready on Time 
  • Complete Assignments on Time 
Teach: Sensory Efficiency Skills
​Auditory & Listening Skills
  • Auditory Readiness Activities  
  • ​Derive Meaning from Sound 
  • Listening Skill Instruction​ ​​ 
  • ​Tips to Recall Facts 
  • Attend to the Speaker 
  • Listening Comprehension 
  • Listening Activities 
​​Visual Efficiency Skills
  • Visual Efficiency Instruction 
  • ​Encourage Use of Vision
  • ​DIY Vision Materials for Complex Needs
  • ​​Lightbox Use
  • CVI Activities 
  • ​Visual Attend 
  • Shift Gaze 
  • Visual Tracking 
  • Visual Discrimination 
  • ​Visual Search & Scan 
  • Sequence Activities 
  • ​​​​Visual Motor Activities 
  • Visual Association 
  • Visual Memory 
  • Figure Ground ​
  • Visual Closure 
  • ​Vision Skills Apps 
  • Visual Matching Activities 
​​Optical Device Use
  • ​Near Optical Device Instruction 
  • Distance Magnifier Instruction
  • Distance Magnifier Activities 
  • Magnifier Apps
  • ​Near Magnifier Activities 
​Tactile Readiness
  • Stages of Tactual Exploration 
  • Tactile Exploration 
  • ​DIY Tactile Materials for Complex Needs
  • ​Sensory Tables
  • Texture Awareness & Comparison 
  • Building Tactile Discrimination 
  • Developing Skillful Hands
  • ​​Fine Motor Activities 
  • ​Tactile Discrimination Box ​​​​​
Teach: Assistive Technology 
AT Overview
  • VI Assistive Technology
  • ​AT Assessment
  • AT Instruction 
​AT Use & Maintenance
  • Care for AT Tools 
  • Store and Retrieve AT 
  • ​Locating AT 
  • Change Batteries ​
  • When Technology Fails 
  • ​Troubleshoot AT 
Braille AT
  • Braille Technology
  • ​Braille Notetakers​
  • Braille Notetaker Instruction 
  • Chameleon Notetaker  
​iOS Instruction
  • iPads as Instructional Tools
  • iOS Accessibility Resources
  • ​Making iOS Device Accessible​
  • iOS and Notetaker 
  • ​VoiceOver
Audio Access​
  • Auditory Access Devices 
  • Accessing Audio Books 
​Video Magnifiers
  • ​Video Magnifier Features  
  • ​Video Magnifier Instruction 
  • Video Magnifier Activities
​​​Basic Computer Use
  • ​Keyboarding Instruction​
  • Editing Practice 
Computer Access
  • Screen Magnification & Readers
  • ​​Screen Readers 
  • NVDA Screen Reader
  • Jaws Screen Reader
  • Screen Reader Courtesy
​Productivity
  • ​Navigate Computer w/o a Mouse
  • ​Word Processing and Shortcuts
  • ​​Writing Efficiency with Technology 
Teach: Social Skills
Social Skill Basics​
Non-Verbal Skills
​​​​
  • Nonverbal Communication 
  • Body Orientation & Facing Person 
  • Body Posture 
  • Facial Expressions  
  • Mannerisms & Behavior  
  • Body Language & Appearance 
  • Personal Space  
  • Social Norms & Etiquette 
Verbal Communication Skills
  • ​Conversation Skills  
  • Give & Receive Compliments  
  • Positive Interactions 
  • Apps for Communication
  • "I" Messages When Upset 
  • Use Verbal & Nonverbal Cues 
  • Respond to Feedback ​
Cooperative Skills
  • Politely Saying No  
  • Workplace Social Skills  
Identity & Self-Awareness
  • Values & Priorities  
  • Emotional Awareness  ​
  • ​​Recognize & Discriminate Emotions 
  • ​Social Media 
​Interactions & Relationships
  • ​Building Friendships & True Friends 
  • Social Interactions 
  • Courteous Behavior  
  • Age Etiquette 
  • Adult Interaction Strategies 
  • Remembering Names  
  • Icebreakers & Mixers  
  • Expand Social Network  
Managing Challenges & Safety
  • Being Bullied or Teased  
  • ​Cyberbullying 
  • Appropriate Touch 
  • Gift Receiving Etiquette  
  • Wrapping a Gift ​​
Teach: Self Determination
​Self-Determination Skills​
Relatable Books for All Ages
  • Children's Books
  • Young Reader Books
  • Books on Dog Guides
  • ​Teen & Young Adult Books
  • Non-Fiction Books
Self Concept & Identity
  • ​​Self Concept 
  • ​Physical Characteristics 
  • Unique Body Characteristics  
  • Body Image & Acceptance  
Goal Setting & Decision Making
  • Making Personal Goals  
  • ​​Disclosure Decision 
  • Coping with Change 
  • Requesting Help 
  • My Circle of Support 
  • Personal Responsibility 
Advocacy & Community Involvement
  • ​Advocate for Safe Environments 
  • Laws Regarding Persons with Disabilities 
  • ​Political Activism 
  • ​My Data Collection 
Confidence & Emotional Management
  • Fighting Fears 
  • Having Picture Taken ​
Teach: Independent Living Skills
Personal Care
  • Medication Adaptations 
  • Bathroom Adaptations 
  • Shower Adaptations 
  • Hair Care & Styling 
  • Nail Care 
​Hygiene & Grooming
  • ​​Oral Hygiene 
  • Proper Handwashing 
  • Face Washing  
  • Hygiene & Grooming Instruction
  • Nose Hygiene 
  • Deodorant 
  • Hair Removal 
  • ​Cosmetics 
​Personal Health
  • Medical History 
  • ​Aging Eyes 
  • ​​Accidents & First Aid 
  • First Aid Kits 
Mealtime Skills
  • Locate Food on Plate 
  • Eating Tacos 
  • Eating Hot Dogs 
  • Eating Spaghetti 
  • Eating Ice Cream 
  • Serve Own Food at Table 
  • Pouring Drinks 
  • Unwrap Food 
  • Mealtime Independence 
  • Apply Condiments to Food 
  • Safely Cut Food 
  • ​Eating & Table Manners 
  • Eat in Cafeteria 
  • Dining at Restaurants 
​​​ Food Preparation
  • Opening Containers 
  • Pour from Containers 
  • Prepare Fruits 
  • Prepare Snacks 
  • Prepare Cold Drinks 
  • Prepare Hot Drinks 
  • Prepare Cold Cereal 
  • Prepare Toast 
  • Make a Sandwich 
  • Plan a Simple Meal 
  • Store & Label Groceries 
  • Oven, Stove, & Microwave Cooking 
  • Measure & Pour 
  • Cut, Slice & Peel 
  • ​Meal Preparation 
  • Lunch Container Use 
  • Planning a Menu 
  • ​Recipe Activities 
  • Determine if Food is Done​ ​​​​​​​
Household Skills
  • Home and School Chores 
  • Cleaning Tables & Counters 
  • Washing Dishes 
  • Manage & Empty Trash 
  • Clean Floors 
  • Dusting 
  • ​Tool Use 
  • Loading Dishwasher 
  • Cleaning Products 
  • ​Operate Climate Control 
  • Making a Bed 
  • Changing Sheets 
Clothing Management
  • Dressing Skills 
  • Clothing Identification 
  • Dresser Drawer Organization 
  • Closet Organization 
  • ​Laundry 
  • Job Interview Clothing Selection 
  • Shoe Selection & Care 
  • Dressing Up 
  • Hang Clothes on a Hanger 
  • ​Fold Clothes 
  • Iron Clothes 
​Money & Budget
  • ​Money Identification 
  • Money Management 
  • Payment Methods 
  • Use ATM Machine 
  • Buying or Packing Lunch 
  • Paying with Checks 
  • Interpret a Warranty 
  • ​Vending Machine Purchase 
  • ​Housing Decisions ​
  • ​Differences in Homes 
Shopping & Consumerism
  • Grocery Shopping 
  • Expiration Dates 
  • Shopping 
  • ​​​Compare Price/Quality 
  • Convenience Stores 
  • Retail Stores 
  • Drug Stores 
  • Supermarkets 
  • Post Office 
  • ​Envelope Use 
  • Personal Shoppers 
Phone Use
  • Telephone Use 
  • ​Emergencies and 911 
​Safety & Emergency Preparedness
  • General Home Safety 
  • Emergency Personnel 
  • Emergency Color Codes 
  • Evacuations 
  • ​Shelter in Place 
  • Lockdowns 
  • Weather Safety 
  • Poor Air Quality 
  • Internet Safety ​​
  • ​Create Lock Board 
​​Services & Community Resources
  • Vocational Rehabilitation Services
  • Consumer VI Organizations 
  • Libraries for the Blind
  • Service Agencies 
  • ​Access VI Resources *S​​
Teach: Orientation & Mobility
Orientation Foundations
  • Orientation to School 
  • Environmental Concepts
  • School Tour Sequence 
Mobility Skills Development
  • ​Basic Mobility Skills
  • Guide Techniques 
  • Community-Based Instruction 
Travel Independence & Transportation
  • Transportation Options 
  • Being a Non-Driver 
  • ​Driver's Education for Non-Drivers 
  • Bioptic Driving 
  • Types of Roadways 
  • Travel Skills 
​Specialized Travel 
  • Guide Dogs
  • ​​Navigation & Location Apps
Teach: Recreation & Leisure
Recreation & Leisure Basics
  • ​Recreation & Leisure Overview
  • Rec and Leisure Survey 
  • Get Involved at School 
  • School Clubs 
​Games
  • ​Rainy Day Activities  ​
  • Play with Toys 
  • ​​​Block Play ​
  • ​Card and Board Game Adaptations 
  • Transcribe Playing Cards ​
  • Video Games 
​Music
  • ​Music Education
  • Music & Movement
  • Orchestra 
  • Marching Band 
Visual Arts
  • Art Adaptations
  • Arts and Crafts 
  • Gardening 
Theatre
  • Dramatic Play 
  • ​Dance
​​Entertainment
  • Attending Concerts 
  • Attending Movies 
  • Visiting Museums 
  • Attending Slumber Parties 
  • Attending Parties 
Recreation
  • Summer Outdoor Activities
  • ​Adapted Recreation Equipment 
  • Bowling
  • Walk & Run Adaptations 
  • Accessible Pedometers 
  • ​Lifelong Exercise 
  • ​​Camps for VI​
Sports
  • VI Sports Associations
  • PE Adaptations​
Teach: Career & Vocational
Career & Vocational Overview  
Personal Knowledge
  • My Vision Presentation 
  • My Visual Needs Packet 
  • My Self Description 
  • My Values & Priorities 
  • Create a Personal Data Sheet 
  • Interviews 
  • Work Behaviors 
  • Resumes 
  • Cover Letters ​
Job Awareness/Experiences
  • Interest & Aptitude Awareness 
  • ​Classroom Jobs 
  • ​Career Exploration 
  • Receive Payment for Services 
  • ​Rules for Jobs 
  • Company Research 
  • Finding Job Leads 
  • Dream Job Analysis 
  • Practice Job Skills in Classroom
  • ​College & Career Prep
Maintain Job
  • Responsibility & Independence
  • Following School Rules 
  • Review IEP and Assess Self 
  • Gain Work-Related Skills 
  • ​Address Employer Concerns 
  • Maintain Employment 
  • Networking & Connections 
  • ​Interview a Professional  ​​
Printables
Free Resources​
  • ​​Program Printables 
  • ​FVLMA Printables 
  • IEP Printables 
  • ​​​VI AT Printables 
Premium Resource Library 
Teaching Strategy Printables 
​Premium Program Printables
​Premium FVLMA Printables
​ECC Printables
Compensatory Skills Printables
  • Body, Spatial & Environmental Awareness Printables 
  • Object Awareness & Exploration Printables
  • Object Characteristic Printables
  • Quantity Concept Printables
  • Alternative Communication Printables
  • Emergent Literacy Printables
  • Braille Instruction Printables
  • Tactile Graphics Printables
  • Taste Test Charts 
  • Caseload Polls 
  • Print Concept Printables
  • Abacus Printables
  • Organization Skills Printables
  • Study Skills Printables
  • Time Management Printables
Sensory Efficiency Printables
  • Listening Skills Printables
  • Visual Efficiency Printables
  • Tactile Skills Printables
Assistive Technology Printables
  • AT Use & Care Printables
  • Computer Access Printables
  • Tablet & Phone Printables
  • Braille Notetaker Printables
Social Skills Printables
  • Social Awareness Printables
  • Verbal Communication Printables
  • Nonverbal Communication Printables
  • Positive Relationship Printables
  • Social Etiquette Printables
  • Safety  & Problem Solving Printables
Self Determination Printables
  • Self Awareness Printables
  • Self Advocacy Printables
  • Goal Setting Printables
Independent Living Printables
  • Personal Care & Hygiene Printables
  • Bathroom Adaptations & Safety Printables
  • Medical & First Aid Printables
  • Grooming & Shaving Printables
  • Eating & Mealtime Printables
  • Food Prep Printables
  • Household Skills Printables
  • Clothing Management Printables
  • Money & Budget Printables
  • Shopping & Consumerism Printables
  • Phone, Safety, & Emergency Printables
  • Service & Resource Printables
Recreation & Leisure Printables
Career & Vocational Printables
  • Personal Knowledge Printables
  • Job Awareness & Experience Printables
  • Obtaining & Maintaining Job Printables
Evelyn Jane Stories 
Learn: Teaching Strategies & Planning
​Teaching Strategies
  • ECC Overview​
  • Individualize Instruction 
  • Pacing Instruction 
  • Build on Prior Experiences 
  • Building Trust 
  • Prompt Hierarchy 
  • Ensure Success 
  • Challenging Behaviors 
  • Student Aggression 
  • Hand Under Hand Support 
  • Virtual Instruction
  • Modeling & Demonstration​​ 
  • Interactive Lap Mats
  • Interactive Object Boards
​Lesson Planning​
  • Teaching the ECC 
  • Teaching in Thematic Units 
  • Incorporate IEP Goals 
  • Unit Preparation Tips
  • Preparation 
  • Material Preparation 
  • Lesson Delivery 
  • Community-Based Experiences 
Learn: ​ECC Units
Beginning of the Year Units ​
  • Back to School Unit 
    • People at School Activity  
  • Self & Identity Unit ​
​Fall Units
  • Autumn & Trees Unit 
  • Staying Safe Unit 
  • Home Maintenance & Repair Unit 
  • Root to Fruit Unit 
  • Vegetables, Crops & Farms Unit 
  • Evening & Night Unit 
  • Shopping & Consumerism Unit 
  • Citizenship & Advocacy Unit 
  • Grocery Stores Unit 
  • Meal Preparation & Hosting Unit 
Winter Units
  • Seasonal Celebration Unit
  • Clocks and Time Unit 
  • Healthy Habits Unit 
  • Cold & Flu Season Unit 
  • Winter & Evergreens Unit 
  • Hygiene & Grooming Unit 
  • Games, Puzzles & Indoor Fun Unit ​
  • Friendship Unit 
  • Communication Unit 
  • Jobs and Employment Unit 
​​Winter Units
  • Clocks and Time Unit 
  • Games, Puzzles & Indoor Fun Unit 
  • Healthy Habits Unit 
  • Winter & Evergreens Unit 
  • Cold & Flu Season Unit 
  • Adapted Sports Unit 
  • Friendship Unit 
  • Restaurants Unit 
  • Weather &  Preparedness Unit ​
​​Spring Units
  • Weather &  Preparedness Unit ​
  • Springtime and Gardens Unit 
  • Cleaning and Home Care Unit 
  • Transportation Unit 
  • The Great Outdoors Unit 
  • Vacations and Travel Unit 
  • Graduation and Life Changes Unit 
Anytime Units
  • Birthdays and Aging Unit 
  • Pets and Service Animals Unit 
  • Family and Genealogy Unit 
  • Visual Arts Unit ​
  • Clothing Care Unit 
  • Music & Theatre Unit 
  • Adapted Sports Unit 
  • Restaurants Unit 
  • Money Banking & Finance Unit​​
Learn: ​Interactive Activities
​​Interactive Activities
  • Interactive Sensory Stories 
  • Interactive Visual Discrimination Activities 
  • Interactive Matching Activities 
  • ​Interactive Choice-Making Activities 
Learn: Recorded Presentations
​​​Recorded Presentations
  • Itinerant Teaching Strategies 
  • Tips to Be "Physically Fit" 
  • Determining Service Intensity with VISSIT 
  • Developing SMARTER Goals 
  • Conducting an FVLMA 
  • ​Accessible Content for BLVI 
  • Activities to Teach the ECC 
  • The Art of Teaching the ECC 
  • ​​Accommodations for VI 
  • Standard Course of Study Strategies & Activities 
  • Virtual & F2F Strategies 
  • Foundations of Teaching the ECC 
  • Using Themes to Teach the ECC ​
  • Selecting the Right AT ​
  • SIDPID Strategies 
  • ​MIMO Strategies 
  • ​Job Tasks 
Learn: Complete Set Bonus ​
​Complete Set Bonus 
  • ​ECC Bonus Printables 
  • ECC Song Playlist 
  • ​Job Task Boxes 

​Math Materials for Students Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision

​These materials promote accessibility in mathematics for students with visual impairments across all grades and learning levels. Whether you're working on foundational numeracy, algebra, geometry, or data collection, these resources make it possible to engage learners tactually, visually, and auditorily.

Numerical Reasoning

Number reasoning includes numbers, fractions, decimals, counting, place value, comparisons, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and expressions
Picture of numbered peg boards.
These Number Peg Boards can be easily adapted with a braille label to make them accessible for a possible braille learner. They are excellent for students with low vision as well as they are in high contrast.

PlanToys Braille Numbers
PlanToys Braille Numbers 1 - 10 ​ can be used to teach student braille numbers 1-10.

APH Place Value Setter
Place Value Setter
A tactile and refreshable tool for teaching written digits and place value in early grades.

Picture of base ten blocks.
Base Ten Blocks used to teach  addition, subtraction, number sense, place value and counting. 

Picture of Twist & Shout.
The Twist & Shout game by Leapfrog provides an fun way to practice and learn math facts. Different Twist and Shout games are available including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Picture of a stack of number braille blocks.
Braille Number and Alphabet Blocks provide children an early play and interaction with braille. The numbers on the block are in Nemeth braille.

Picture of Jelly Bean Jungle.
Jellybean Jungle (Twin Vision Book)
A counting book with print and braille that introduces numbers using tactile illustrations and engaging text.

Picture of EZ count abacus.
The EZeeCOUNT Abacus
A 10x10 grid abacus with color and texture differentiation. Useful for place value, patterns, fractions, and operations.

Math Drill Cards
Math Drill Cards (Braille/Large Print)
Flashcards for practicing math facts with tactile and visual formats.

Picture of beginner's abacus.
Beginner’s Abacus
Introduces early math concepts and abacus terminology. Prepares students for more advanced tools like the Cranmer Abacus.

Picture of fractional parts of whole.
Fractional Parts of Whole Tactile circles introducing halves, thirds, and fourths for conceptual understanding of fractions.

Picture of Puzzle Form Board Kit.
Puzzle Form Board Kit ​Reinforces basic concepts such as shape, texture, color, size, and matching with five tactile puzzle shapes.

Picture of the APH hundreds board.
Tactile Graphing Tools & Hundreds Board
Includes tactile and large print hundreds boards, number lines, and consumable versions for student use.

APH consumable hundreds chart
Consumable Hundreds Chart
Tactile graphic organizer for developing number sense and fluency.

Addition Subtraction Tables
Addition/Subtraction and Multiplication/Division Tables (Nemeth)
Embossed reference charts with large print, ideal for fact fluency practice.

Picture of Cranmer Abacus.
The Cranmer Abacus A tactile tool for performing calculations with beads stabilized by a rubber backing to prevent unintended movement.

Flip Over Fraction Book
Flip-Over Concept Book: Fractions
Interactive braille and print book that teaches fractions, decimals, and percents through customizable panels.

APH Brannan Cubarithm Slate and Cubes
Brannan Cubarithm Slate and Cubes Young students may find it easier to use this device rather than a brailler to align mathematical problems. A rubber frame with a 16 x 16 grid pattern of nests will hold small plastic cubes numbered zero through nine in braille (no print). 

Picture of Digi-Blocks
Digi-Blocks are small rectangular-shaped blocks and empty holders. These materials help children discover the important relationship between ones and tens – a concept crucial to understanding how arithmetic operations work.

Picture of bold line paper.
Bold line paper is a tool that can be used in mathematics for students with low vision. The paper can be turned sideways to form columns that can assist students in performing paper/pencil activities that require keeping numbers lined up.


Patterns, Graphing Algebraic Reasoning

Picture
Tactile Five and Ten Frames Helps young students develop subitizing and understand number groupings with tactile tokens and slotted plastic frames.

Picture of Giant Textured beads with Pattern matching cards.
Giant Texture Beads with Pattern Matching Cards
Supports sorting, classifying, and patterning using tactile attributes. Bridges the gap between real objects and raised-line graphics.

APH Tactile Algbra Tiles
Tactile Algebra Tiles
Magnetic, tactile representations of algebra tiles designed for students with visual impairments. Supports hands-on algebra learning.

Picture of MathBuilders Unit 1
MathBuilders Unit 1: Matching, Sorting, and Patterning is a supplementary math program. It includes a teacher's guide with lesson plans.

Picture of textured sorting circles and shapes.
Textured Sorting Circles and Shapes Ideal for teaching sorting and classification. Can be used to create tactile Venn diagrams.

Picture of Math Builders Unit 7.
MathBuilders Unit 7: Fractions, Mixed Numbers, and Decimals ​ from APH is a supplementary math program that consists of materials that are accessible to students who are blind or who have low vision.

Picture of Math Window Braille Algebra Add-On
​The Math Window® Braille Algebra Add-On kit contains letters of the alphabet for variable use, as well as the higher math symbols used in algebraic computations.  When added to the Braille Basic kit, the student will have the moveable Nemeth tiles necessary to complete problems in Pre Algebra, Algebra I, and Algebra II.

Picture of hands-on equations.
Hands-On Equations is a supplementary program that can provide students with a concrete foundation for algebra. It uses the visual and kinesthetic instructional approach developed by Dr. Henry Borenson to demystify abstract algebraic concepts. 

Picture of Orion Talking Scientific Calculator.
 The Orion TI-36X Talking Scientific Calculator available from APH, has identical functions to the Texas Instruments TI-36X calculator. 


Geometric & Spatial Reasoning

Picture of inset shape puzzles.
Inset Shape Puzzles can be adapted with braille to reinforce practice with shapes. Puzzles are also available in numbers and letters that can be adapted in braille. 

Picture of sound shape puzzle.
An inset Sound Shape Puzzles is a fun way for students to learn their shapes and

Picture of Geometric Shape Sorters.
Geometric Shape Sorters ​are another great activity for sorting shapes as well as practicing fine motor skills.

Picture of shape sorter.
For younger students, Talking Shape Sorters are a great way to practice matching shapes and listening to their names. Keep in mind it is only appropriate to use age appropriate toys with the student, and not use infant or preschool toys with older students.

Picture of shape templates.
Shape templates allow students to and teachers to easily create geometric shapes. A template is easier to use than a solid shape as it is easier to trace a template.

Picture of Matchin Middles Oreo game.
The Fisher Price Matchin' Middles Oreo game is a great way for younger students to practice matching and identifying shapes. Each cookie has a different shape in the middle, 2 cookie halves with matching shapes inside fit together.

Picture of Tactile Tangrams.
Tactile Tangrams from APH encourages the development and reinforcement of many educational and recreational skills including spatial reasoning, shape recognition, size comparison, pattern replication, and independent problem solving.

Picture of Geometry Tactile Graphics Kit.
Geometry Tactile Graphics Kit Raised-line drawings of geometric shapes and relationships, easier to measure than standard braille textbook graphics.

Picture of Math Builders Unit 6.
Math Builders Unit 6: Geometry is a supplementary math program. It includes a teacher's guide with lesson plans specific to geometry standards.

Picture of Stackups.
Stackups: Spatial Reasoning Using Cubes and Isometric Drawings Encourages construction and comparison of 2D and 3D shapes to build spatial reasoning skills.

Picture of Tactile Treasures.
Tactile Treasures Bridges real objects and tactile graphics. Reinforces shape, size, position, orientation, and more.

Picture of Geometro.
​Geometro Flat plastic tactile shapes (triangles, squares, etc.) that can be joined to form 3D solids.

APH Tactile Compass for Math and Art
Tactile Compass for Math and Art
Allows students to draw tactile circles with adjustable measurements.

Picture of braille/large print protractor
The APH Braille and Large Print Protractor 
Includes a pivoting wand and markings for measuring and constructing angles.

Picture of Graphic Aid for Mathematics.
The Graphic Aid for Mathematics ​Used to create tactile geometric figures and graphs using textured materials like thread or wire.

Picture
Textured Sorting Circles and Shapes ​includes shapes in a variety of textures, sizes, and colors. The accompanying sorting circles are also provided in a variety or colors and textures, and can be used to create Venn diagrams.

Picture of Omnifix Cubes.
Omnifix Cubes can be used with any math curriculum that specifies linking cubes. Students can snap flat shapes together to form a permanent cube which can then be joined to other cubes to build shapes and teach key geometry concepts!

Picture of Math Window Braille Geometry Kit.
The Math Window Braille Geometry Kit allows the student to work and solve geometric problems, as well as, graph them on double-sided, framed work surface.  The kit contains point markers for locating points and plotting squares to help the student accurately plot points on the graph.  


Measurement, Data, & Graphs

APH Graph Benders
Graph Benders’ Flexible strips and tactile symbols for creating tactile graphs and demonstrating math/science concepts.

Picture of Math Builders Unit 5.
Math Builders Unit 5: Measurement and Estimation is a supplementary math program. It includes a teacher's guide with lesson plans specific to geometry standards.

Picture of Math Builders Unit 8.
Math Builders Unit 8: Data Collection, Graphing, and Probability/ Statistics. Kit includes a teacher's guide with lesson plans specific to geometry standards.

consumable number lines.
Consumable Number Lines & Stick-On Number Line
Assist with sequencing, addition, subtraction. Available in braille and large print.

Picture of Number Line Device.
Number Line Device Teaches number sequencing, operations, rounding, and estimation with a tactile and structured layout. 

Picture of desktop stick-on number line.
This Desktop Stick-On Number Line ​available from APH provides both large print and braille. The self-adhesive number line can be reapplied approximately five times.

Picture of tactile demonstration thermometer.
The Tactile Demonstration Thermometer ​​
Braille and tactile thermometer for comparing and reading temperatures. *Discontinued- hang on to it if you have one!


Time, Calendar, & Money

Picture of analog tactile clock model from APH
The Analog Clock Model ​Features braille and tactile markings with synchronized moving hands.

Picture of electronic learning clock.
Electronic Learning Clock teaches kids to tell time and solve elapsed time problems. The self-checking quiz feature has two skill levels to make mastering time telling easy! Clock measures 10 3/4" high. The 32-page Clever Clock Workbook includes 26 time-learning activities that can be used with any learning clock.

Picture of clock face sheets in braille.
Clock Face Sheets in Braille Blank tactile clock faces for individualized instruction.

Picture of APH classroom calendar.
The whole class cab use this large print and braille Classroom Calendar 
High-contrast, uncluttered design with braille/print labels and embossed weather/holiday symbols.

Picture of individual calendar kit.
The Individual Calendar Kit Braille and large print calendar-making materials with grid sheets and month/day labels.

Picture of coin abacus.
The Coin Abacus helps students master the task of counting money. Students  experiment with different coin combinations in order to reach the target amounts on the screen. The coin abacus can be easily adapted by gluing real coins on the abacus.


Reference Tools & Symbol Guides

Math Symbol Reference Booklets
Math Symbol Reference Booklets
Includes Nemeth and UEB math symbol reference guides for easy access to correct braille notation.


Rulers & Measuring Tools

Picture of large print/braille toss away ruler.
Large Print or Braille Toss Away Ruler ​
Affordable, accessible option for classroom or assessment use.

Picture of braille ruler.
1-foot braille ruler ​
Tapered edge with caliper slide and tactile inch/fraction markings.

Picture of braille/large print yardstick.
Braille or Large Print Yardstick Marked in ¼" increments with braille every inch.

Picture of braille meter stick.
Braille Meterstick Raised markings every centimeter and braille every other centimeter.

Picture of transparent CCTV rulers.
Transparent CCTV Rulers ​High-contrast, see-through rulers designed for use with video magnifiers.

Games, Software & Interactive Learning

Picture of tactile dice.
Tactile Dice Enables accessible game play and counting activities.

Picture of quick pick math.
Quick Pick Math ​
A multiple-choice braille/print math game with accessible cards and answer tool.


More Commercially Available Materials

Picture of TackTiles.
The Nemeth Tactile System from TackTiles is ideal for students who may not be able to read braille tactually from loss of finger sensitivity. It provides these students with the opportunity to access math.

Picture of audio graphing calculator.
The ​Audio Graphing Calculator (AGC), provides the functionality of handheld scientific calculators. Operating on a flexible Windows platform and augmented with audio and tactile feedback, the AGC provides an alternative for people who cannot effectively use a handheld calculator, or those seeking a more interactive interface. 

Sight Enhancement Systems, Ottawa, Canada, offers next generation SciPlus scientific calculators designed specifically for persons who are visually impaired.  These new models improve on the popular SciPlus family, incorporating a larger, 4-line backlit graphical LCD display with inverted white/black function and adjustable contrast.  The SciPlus-2200 version is the “non-speaking” model, and the SciPlus-2300 has English/Spanish (selectable) audio output, with additional languages coming soon.
Picture of inTACT Sketchpad.
The inTACT Sketchpad is beneficial for students to use and create their own tactual graphics due to its ease of use. When the cover is lifted, there is a recessed area to place the drawing sheet on. Magnet strips completely cover the perimeter of the board creating a secure closing when the lid is lowered.

Picture of inTACT eraser.
The inTACT Eraser is a battery operated eraser specifically designed for tactile drawing. It allows the user to erase mistakes and can also be used to create dashed lines. The eraser works like a miniature iron, heating the flat tip to approximately 180 degrees. It flattens tactile drawings quickly and erases them tactually. 

Picture of Fraction Line from Slide-a-Round.
This Fraction Line, available from Slide-A-Round Math Manipulatives, was developed by Jim Franklin who is a special education teacher. This fraction number line is accessible to students with low vision as well as those who are blind.

Picture of Slide-A-Round number line.
This Number Line to 10,000,000, available from Slide-A-Round Math Manipulatives, was developed by Jim Franklin who is a special education teacher. This number line is accessible to students with low vision as well as those who are blind.

Picture of time line Slide-a-round.
This Time Line, available from Slide-A-Round Math Manipulatives, was developed by Jim Franklin who is a special education teacher. This number line is accessible to students with low vision as well as those who are blind.

Picture of SAVI/SELPH balance.
​Balance, SAVI/SELPH and FOSS is a specially modified balance includes a tactile indicator and holes in the balance pans, allowing use of removable plastic cups. Students use gram pieces and mass sets for weighing.

Picture of SAVI/SELPH thermometer.
The SAVI/ SELPH thermometer includes both a Braille and large print scale for measuring temperature in degrees Celsius. It is introduced in the SAVI/SELPH Measurement Module to measure the temperature of water. The thermometer can be calibrated. Tabs are included along the rim to mark temperatures for comparison.

Picture of Money Line.
This Money Line, available from Slide-A-Round Math Manipulatives, was developed by Jim Franklin who is a special education teacher. This money number line is accessible to students with low vision as well as those who are blind.

Picture of Math Trax logo.
MathTrax is an educational technology tool that demonstrates the combined capabilities of the MDE library modules. Its primary audience is middle and high school students studying algebra, pre-calculus and calculus and in particular it serves blind and vision impaired (BVI) math students. MathTrax fulfills an educational need to demonstrate the relationship between math and real world science applications by translating and demonstrating math relationships in a tangible physical medium on a standard PC platform.

Students can create graphs by entering an equation, selecting an equation from a drop-down menu, entering raw data to be analyzed or activating a physics simulation. MathTrax graphs the equations and provides descriptions of those graphs using text and sound. The curves currently described are first and second order equations in two variables, i.e., line, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, circle, null set, single point, and two lines. The dynamic text descriptions and sonification make the graphs accessible to blind students who do not use pencil, paper or written graphs to study mathematics. The text descriptions can be read by Java-capable screen readers such as Jaws for Windows, or can be input to speech synthesizing software to create self-voicing applications. MathTrax provides color and line settings for traditional "drawn" graphs to aid users with differing vision-impairments.


Apps

Talking Calculator app
$1.99 Talking Calculator app speaks button names, numbers, and answers aloud through a customizable built-in directory that lets users record their own voice. The company also offers a Talking Scientific Calculator for $4.99

Talking Scientific Calculator app
$4.99 Talking Scientific Calculator is a comprehensive calculator app that is designed for a wide range of users, it features colorful buttons, high contrast, VoiceOver support, and the option to use speech for answers, buttons names and formulas.

aph math robot app
​APH’s Math Robot™ has a smart “know-it-all” math robot character that provides fun drills and practices for simple math problems. The app is both self-voicing and accessible with VoiceOver on Apple devices. A low vision mode adds extra contrast. 

Slapstack Math app
Slapstack Math (for iOS devices) Slapstack Math™ is fully accessible for all users. The goal is to collect the most points by pulling in the most cards. Two to eight players can play on the iPad, or two to four players on the iPhone. 

Draw2Measure Protractor
Draw2Measure Protractor (for iOS devices) This app is designed for students who are blind or low vision, and can be used by sighted students, too! It gives students an alternative way to measure angles, thus meeting students’ diverse needs in math and science classrooms. Works with devices running iOS 8 or later. 

Practice2Master Fractions
Practice2Master Fractions. A fully accessible app that every elementary school math teacher should have in their teaching toolbox - Practice2Master Fractions helps students become proficient in fraction calculations. It provides students with an unlimited number of problems to practice. 

Practice2Master Abacus CVI A fully accessible app that makes abacus learning a fun and interactive experience. Practice2Master Abacus can be used as a supplement to classroom instructions in which teachers can assign practice tasks or drills to students. It may also be used as a self-learning tool that includes systematic instructions and practice to help students start from the basics and become proficient abacus users. 
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​Thank you for visiting Teaching Students with Visual Impairments. This site was created to support educators, families, and professionals who are dedicated to helping students who are blind or visually impaired succeed.
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The mission of Teaching Students with Visual Impairments is to provide educators, families, and professionals with the resources needed to support students who are blind or visually impaired. The goal is to equip those in the visual impairment field with practical tools and instructional guidance that help students develop independence and become successful members of their communities. ​​
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        • Home & School Chores
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      • Clothing Management >
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      • Money & Budget >
        • Money Identification
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        • Use ATM Machine
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        • Grocery Shopping
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