Teaching Students with Visual Impairments
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Welcome to Teaching Students with Visual Impairments

Teaching Students with Visual Impairments LLC logo

Math Adaptations

By: Carmen Willings
teachingvisuallyimpaired.com
​Updated May 25, 2024

Math instruction in the primary grades should be as concrete as possible." ~ Bishop, Virginia. Teaching Visually Impaired Children. Charles C. Thomas. 1996. p.67.
Teaching mathematic concepts to students who are blind or have low vision requires thoughtful adaptation and utilization of accessible materials. Here are some strategies and considerations for making these activities engaging and meaningful:

  1. Use of Real Objects: Begin instruction by using three-dimensional and real objects to introduce concepts such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Utilize tactile materials such as blocks, counters, or manipulatives to represent variables, constants, and mathematical operations. Students can use tactile measuring tools like rulers, braille rulers, or tactile graphing tools to explore measurement concepts. This approach helps make abstract concepts more concrete and understandable for students, especially younger learners or those with learning disabilities.  
  2. Hands-On Experiences: Provide concrete, hands-on experiences with geometric shapes and spatial concepts. Encourage students to assemble puzzles, sort shapes and objects, and manipulate tactile materials to explore geometric relationships and spatial arrangements.
  3. Transition to 2-Dimensional Representations: Once students have mastered the concepts using real objects, transition to using 2-dimensional raised-line representations, such as tactile graphics or braille diagrams. This helps students become familiar with the format they will encounter in textbooks and on tests, ensuring they can access algebraic equations independently.
  4. Utilize Multisensory Approaches: Incorporate multisensory approaches to teaching algebra, such as auditory explanations and tactile exploration. Provide verbal descriptions of mathematical concepts and encourage students to manipulate tactile materials to solve problems and explore patterns and functions. 
  5. Graphing Activities: Graphing provides an excellent opportunity for students to engage with numbers both tactually and visually. Encourage students to gather and sort data in response to questions or experiments. They can create graphs using tactile materials, such as raised-line graph paper or tactile graphics, to represent data points. For example, they can arrange objects according to attributes like size, color, or shape to create bar graphs or pictographs.
  6. Reading and Interpreting Graphs: Guide students in reading and interpreting charts and graphs. Help them identify the categories with the most or fewest objects represented in the graph. Encourage them to analyze and draw conclusions based on the information presented in the graphs.
  7. Use of Abacus and Nemeth Code: While the abacus can be a useful tool for solving algebraic equations, it is important to transition students to using the Nemeth Code for Braille Mathematics as they progress in their understanding of algebra. The Nemeth Code provides a standardized way to represent mathematical symbols and operations in braille, ensuring consistency and accuracy in mathematical notation.
  8. Provide Supportive Tools: Consider using supportive tools such as talking calculators or digital math software that is compatible with screen readers to assist students in performing algebraic calculations and solving equations. These tools can help students access and manipulate mathematical expressions more efficiently and independently.
  9. Critical Thinking and Analysis: Engage students in critical thinking by asking them to identify untrue or inappropriate statements about given data. Encourage them to analyze and question the information presented in charts, graphs, and tables.
  10. Utilization of Different Graphing Formats: Depending on the students' individual needs and level of understanding, create graphs using various formats. This may include using real objects, tactile graphics, or abstract representations (such as tactile symbols or braille labels) for students functioning at different levels of abstraction.
  11. Application to Real-life Situations: Connect math concepts to students' personal experiences and real-life situations. For example, students can analyze and interpret information from graphs related to everyday topics such as sale prices, sales tax, nutritional information, etc. This helps students understand the relevance and practical application of math in their daily lives.
  12. Treasure Hunt Games: Engage students in treasure hunt games where they follow verbal or written spatial directions to locate objects within the classroom, school, or community. This activity helps develop spatial awareness and navigation skills while making learning enjoyable and interactive.
  13. Exploration in the Environment: Encourage students to actively explore their environment and locate shapes and objects in different settings. Incorporate discussions about positional concepts (e.g., on, in, on top of, underneath) and encourage students to identify and describe spatial relationships.
  14. Incorporate Fun Math Activities: Make math enjoyable by incorporating games, graphs, charts, and board games into geometry and spatial sense instruction. Encourage students to participate in activities that reinforce mathematical concepts while promoting social interaction and teamwork.
  15. Individualized Instruction: Tailor instruction to meet the individual needs and learning styles of each student. Provide opportunities for hands-on exploration, guided practice, and reinforcement activities to ensure understanding and mastery of algebraic concepts.
 
By incorporating these strategies and considerations, teachers can create inclusive and accessible math activities that allow students who are blind or have low vision to actively participate and engage in meaningful learning experiences related to measurement, probability, and data collection.

ECC Instruction

Teaching the ECC
  • ECC Bonus Printables
  • Development of ECC Resource
  • ECC Instruction
  • Material Preparation
  • Teaching in Thematic Units
  • Unit Preparation Tips
  • Instructional Strategies
  • iPads as Instructional Tools
  • Webinar: Activities to Teach the ECC
  • Webinar: Art of Teaching the ECC
  • Webinar: Standard Course of Study
  • Virtual Instruction
  • Webinar: Virtual and F2F
  • Webinar: Foundations of Teaching the ECC
  • Webinar: Using Themes to Teach the ECC
  • ECC Song Playlists
Thematic units
  • Back to School
  • Birthdays and Aging
  • Self & Identity
  • Pets & Service Animals
  • Family & Genealogy
  • Apples & Orchard
  • Autumn & Home Maintenance
  • Pumpkins & Farms
  • Costumes & Candy
  • Politics & Voting
  • Grocery Stores
  • Meal Preparation
  • Shopping & Clothing
  • Christmas & Gift Giving
  • Clocks, Time, & New Year
  • Resolutions & Healthy Habits
  • Wintertime
  • Cold & Flu Season
  • Adapted Sports
  • Valentines Love & Friendship
  • Weather & Preparedness
  • Stay Safe
  • Home & Spring Cleaning
  • Gardening
  • Communication & Post Office
  • Hygiene & Grooming
  • Transportation
  • Jobs & Employment
  • Graduation & Life Changes
  • The Great Outdoors
  • Vacations & Travel
Compensatory Skills
Concept Development
  • Guiding Principles of Concept Dev.
  • Concepts to Teach
  • Community Based Experiences
  • Object Awareness
  • Object Permanence 
  • Learn to Play
  • Cause & Effect Apps
  • Container Play
  • Playing with Toys
  • Identify & Compare Objects
  • Shape Concepts
  • Size Concepts
  • Color Concepts
  • Time concepts
  • Spatial awareness
  • Number Concepts
  • Numbers & Counting
  • Weather Concepts
  • Identification Apps
Functional Skills
Alternative Communication
  • Body responses & gestures
  • Choice Boards
  • Communication system
    • apps for communication
  • Sign language/tactile sign
  • Apps for Communication
Emergent Literacy
  • Early Literacy Experiences
    • Apps for Early Learning
  • Create Tactile Books
  • Reading Efficiency
  • Shared Reading
  • Reading Applications 
    • Read to Me Stories
  • Access Environmental Print
  • Building Literacy
Braille
  • Braille Code
    • Braille apps
  • Braille Instruction
  • Music Braille Code
  • Braille Formatting
  • Braille Activities
  • Braille Materials
  • Using the Braillewriter
  • Braillewriter Repair
  • Summer Reading (braille)
  • Reading Fluency
Slate & Stylus
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The following math materials can be helpful to use with students who are blind or have low vision.  

Math Materials Available From APH

Picture of Jelly Bean Jungle.
Counting books are a wonderful way to practice counting with students. Commercially available counting books can be adapted, or homemade books can be created. Jellybean Jungle is one of several Twin Vision books available through APH that introduce students to counting.

Picture of Giant Textured beads with Pattern matching cards.
Giant Texture Beads with Pattern Matching Cards are available from APH. Pattern matching cards reinforce the tactile continuum from real object to raised-line graphics. Students can practice sorting and classifying by various attributes. Students can also practice creating and extended patterns.

Picture of Puzzle Form Board Kit.
Puzzle Form Board Kit ​is available from APH. It is a supplementary aid for teaching basic concepts such as shape, texture, color, size, and matching. It includes 5 different puzzle shapes with puzzle frames: circle, diamond, square, rectangle, and triangle.

APH Graph Benders
Graph Benders’ flexible strips and point symbols (triangles, circles, squares) can be applied directly to paper, and are a great way for students to demonstrate their mastery of math or science concepts. 

Picture
These tactile five and ten help young students to visualize sets of five and ten, thus helping to develop subitizing skills - the ability to instantly see “how many.” Simply set down one or more of the plastic frames on a table and insert the included tactile tokens into the slots.  

Picture of Tactile Treasures.
Tactile Treasures available through APH, is a teaching tool that can be used to help students transition from objects to tactual graphics. Concepts introduced and reinforced include shape, size, comparison of two or more objects, amount, position, and page orientation.

Math Symbol Reference Booklets
Math Symbol Reference Booklets. Make teaching and learning math a breeze with Math Symbol Reference Booklets. The included Nemeth Code Reference Booklet and UEB Reference Booklet contain a list of Nemeth or UEB math symbols, along with an explanation for what each symbol represents. 

Math Drill Cards
​Math Drill Cards. Elementary students who are blind or low vision can quickly and easily learn their math facts with these braille and Large Print Math Drill Cards! These large print and braille cards include a math fact on one side of the card, and the fact with the answer featured on the opposite side. Both UEB and Nemeth versions are available

Flip Over Fraction Book
Flip-Over Concept Books: FRACTIONS. This is an interactive print and braille book designed to teach elementary students who are blind or low vision about fractions, decimals, and percents. Teachers and parents can create their own lessons by fully customizing the presentation of the fraction panels offered in the book. 

Picture of textured sorting circles and shapes.
Textured Sorting Circles and Shapes can be used to create Venn diagrams. The magnetic backing can be used on a metal surface.

Picture of the APH hundreds board.
The APH Hundreds Board and manipulatives includes manipulatives that can be used to help teach basic math concepts. It includes two 10x10 boards made of heavy duty plastic.

APH Place Value Setter
Place Value Setter. With its refreshable and concrete display, the Place Value Setter gives first to third grade students a prompt way to represent numbers using written digits. 

APH Tactile Algbra Tiles
Tactile Algebra Tiles Tactile Algebra Tiles is an accessible version of traditional algebra tiles, specifically designed for students who are blind or low vision. It includes magnetic tiles that the students can manipulate on a steel board, and uses tactile symbols to help students differentiate between tiles. Colors are chosen with consideration for the needs of students who have low vision. 

Picture of Tactile Tangrams.
Tactile Tangrams from APH encourages the development and reinforcement of many educational and recreational skills including spatial reasoning, shape recognition, size comparison, pattern replication, and independent problem solving.

Picture of Math Flash.
Math Flash Software from APH helps elementary students sharpen math skills with talking electronic flash cards. It's a self-voicing program that uses the computer's sound card to communicate instructions, drills, practice sessions, and games. 

Picture of MathBuilders Unit 1
MathBuilders Unit 1: Matching, Sorting, and Patterning is a supplementary math program. It includes a teacher's guide with lesson plans.

Picture of Math Builders Unit 5.
Math Builders Unit 5: Measurement and Estimation is a supplementary math program. It includes a teacher's guide with lesson plans specific to geometry standards.

Picture of Math Builders Unit 6.
Math Builders Unit 6: Geometry is a supplementary math program. It includes a teacher's guide with lesson plans specific to geometry standards.

Picture of Math Builders Unit 7.
MathBuilders Unit 7: Fractions, Mixed Numbers, and Decimals ​ from APH is a supplementary math program that consists of materials that are accessible to students who are blind or who have low vision.

Picture of Math Builders Unit 8.
Math Builders Unit 8: Data Collection, Graphing, and Probability/Statistics is a supplementary math program. It includes a teacher's guide with lesson plans specific to geometry standards.

Picture of Number Line Device.
The Number Line Device from APH is a basic tool for teaching number concepts, number sequence, counting, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, rounding, estimating whole numbers, common fractions, and decimals. 

consumable number lines.
Consumable Number Lines. Reinforces beginning number concepts such as counting, sequencing, number recognition, number relationships, addition, and subtraction. 

Picture of desktop stick-on number line.
This Desktop Stick-On Number Line ​available from APH provides both large print and braille. The self-adhesive number line can be reapplied approximately five times.

Picture of analog tactile clock model from APH
The Analog Clock Model ​from APH helps teach about time-telling concepts. It has braille and raised large print markings and hands that are easily rotated. The hands are synchronized like those of an actual clock.

Picture of clock face sheets in braille.
Clock Face Sheets in Braille are available from APH. Each sheet contains four embossed braille clock faces. The clock faces are blank allowing you to add the hands.

Picture of Geometro.
​Geometro provides hands-on experience with manipulatives that aid in teaching 3-D geometry. Geometro models, available from APH or from geometro, are flat plastic shapes - triangles, squares, pentagons, and hexagons - that can be readily joined to form three-dimensional solids.

Picture
Textured Sorting Circles and Shapes ​includes shapes in a variety of textures, sizes, and colors. The accompanying sorting circles are also provided in a variety or colors and textures, and can be used to create Venn diagrams.

APH Tactile Compass for Math and Art
Tactile Compass for Math and Art. This assistive tool enables students to draw tactile circles up to 6-inches in diameter and includes tactile markings in inches and centimeters. Includes two different spur wheels to draw both single-line and double-line circles. 

Picture of Stackups.
Stackups: Spatial Reasoning Using Cubes and Isometric Drawings available through APH, encourages students using 2D and 3D shapes to: recognize, name, build, draw, compare, and sort; describe attributes and parts; and investigate and predict the results of putting together and taking apart.

​Addition and Subtraction Table (Nemeth) Large print/braille tool designed to reinforce the basic addition and subtraction facts. Includes ten printed/embossed charts and a print guidebook. 
​Multiplication and Division Table Kit (Nemeth) The chart is printed/embossed on white index stock and is 3-hole punched. Alternating rows are highlighted to help students with low vision easily track numbers. Includes ten charts (grids) and a print guidebook. 
Consumable Hundreds Chart This graphic organizer for the numbers 1–100 helps learners develop the skills they need to become flexible and fluent problem solvers and meet the requirements of many state standards as well as the Common Core State Standards. 
Picture of Geometry Tactile Graphics Kit.
Geometry Tactile Graphics Kit includes a set of thermoformed raised-line drawings depicting geometry concepts, figures, and relationships. Graphics are larger and easier for students to measure than those in braille textbooks.

Picture of braille/large print protractor
The APH Braille and Large Print Protractor marks 180 degrees. The protractor features a pivoting wand. When aligned with a certain degree measurement, the corresponding angle is created by the wand and the bottom edge of the protractor.

Picture of fractional parts of whole.
Fractional Parts of Whole is a set from APH that introduce the concepts of wholes, halves, thirds, and fourths. The set consists of tactile circles that introduce the concepts of wholes, halves, thirds, and fourth. 

Picture of Graphic Aid for Mathematics.
The Graphic Aid for Mathematics allows the student to construct geometric and other figures and graphs related to arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. Students can create figures and then take a picture of their work to turn in. Students can use embroidery thread yarn, ribbon, or electrical wire to provide various textures.

APH Brannan Cubarithm Slate and Cubes
Brannan Cubarithm Slate and Cubes Young students may find it easier to use this device rather than a brailler to align mathematical problems. A rubber frame with a 16 x 16 grid pattern of nests will hold small plastic cubes numbered zero through nine in braille (no print). 

Picture of quick pick math.
Quick Pick Math is a math game from APH.It consists of a plastic packet with large print/braille cards. The front and back of each card contains a math question and four possible answers. To play, the student inserts the included tool in one of four holes in the front of the plastic packet.

Picture of large print/braille toss away ruler.
Large Print or Braille Toss Away Ruler has markings both in large print and braille and is designed for the classroom or testing and assessment situations where an inexpensive measuring device is needed.

Picture of braille ruler.
This 1-foot braille ruler is tapered on the edge. A metal caliper slide aids in accuracy. The English measurement ruler has raised lines with braille numbers at each inch. Fourths on one edge, eighths on the other.

Picture of braille/large print yardstick.
The Braille or Large Print Yardstick has raised-line markings along one edge in1/4" increments, with braille marking every inch.

Picture of braille meter stick.
The Braille Meterstick has raised lines every centimeter, and braille every other centimeter; and thick raised lines for decimeters.

Picture of transparent CCTV rulers.
Transparent CCTV Rulers ​are flexible, see-through vinyl rulers that make it easier to measure items magnified by an electronic magnifier. Rulers are scree printed with black ink on high-contrast transparent vinyl.

Picture of EZ count abacus.
The EZeeCOUNT Abacus consists of a 10x10 grid of flat beads. The beads can be flipped and distinguished by color and/or texture. The red beads are wavy/rough and the yellow beads are smooth. Each row of beads slides along an elastic band from left to right. The reverse side is a dry-erase board. EZeeCOUNT abacus can be used for: addition, subtraction, multiplication, patterns, place value, addition, number combinations, fractions, graphs, and games. 

Picture of beginner's abacus.
The expanded Beginner's Abacus kit introduces visually impaired students to early math concepts and number operations, as well as abacus terminology. According to their product description, it "supports concepts and skills such as one-to-one correspondence, number meaning, addition, and subtraction. It also prepares students for the Cranmer Abacus."

Picture of Cranmer Abacus.
The Cranmer Abacus is a calculation tool but it should not be confused with a calculator. A better comparison is that it is used like paper and pencil for students with vision. The Cranmer Abacus ​was designed specifically for individuals who are blind. What makes it unique is the piece of soft fabric or rubber that is placed behind the beads so that they will not inadvertently move while the person performs calculations. 

Picture of individual calendar kit.
The Individual Calendar Kit from APH allows students to create their own individual calendars. The kit includes twelve brightly colored embossed/bold line grid sheets with paper labels for months, days of the week and days of the month. Labels are in large print and braille.

Picture of APH classroom calendar.
The whole class cab use this large print and braille Classroom Calendar from APH. Unlike many commercially available calendars that are visually cluttered, this calendar is simple and provides uncluttered, high contrast numbers and labels. It is accessible to students with low vision as well as those who are blind. It includes brightly colored and embossed holiday and weather symbols.

Picture of tactile dice.
Tactile Dice can make games and other math activities accessible to students with low vision or who are blind.

Picture of tactile demonstration thermometer.
The Tactile Demonstration Thermometer ​from APH allows students to independently read, set, and compare temperatures. It consists of a two textured, two-colored adjustable "mercury column" with an easy-grip tactile indicator. The comparable Fahrenheit and Celsius scales are in large print and braille.

Picture of bold line paper.
Bold line paper is a tool that can be used in mathematics for students with low vision. The paper can be turned sideways to form columns that can assist students in performing paper/pencil activities that require keeping numbers lined up.


Commerically Available Materials

Picture of electronic learning clock.
Electronic Learning Clock teaches kids to tell time and solve elapsed time problems. The self-checking quiz feature has two skill levels to make mastering time telling easy! Clock measures 10 3/4" high. The 32-page Clever Clock Workbook includes 26 time-learning activities that can be used with any learning clock.

Picture of inset shape puzzles.
Inset Shape Puzzles can be adapted with braille to reinforce practice with shapes. Puzzles are also available in numbers and letters that can be adapted in braille. 

Picture of Geometric Shape Sorters.
Geometric Shape Sorters ​are another great activity for sorting shapes as well as practicing fine motor skills.

Picture of shape sorter.
For younger students, Talking Shape Sorters are a great way to practice matching shapes and listening to their names. Keep in mind it is only appropriate to use age appropriate toys with the student, and not use infant or preschool toys with older students.

Picture of a stack of number braille blocks.
Braille Number and Alphabet Blocks provide children an early play and interaction with braille. The numbers on the block are in Nemeth braille.

Picture of Matchin Middles Oreo game.
The Fisher Price Matchin' Middles Oreo game is a great way for younger students to practice matching and identifying shapes. Each cookie has a different shape in the middle, 2 cookie halves with matching shapes inside fit together.

Picture of Twist & Shout.
The Twist & Shout game by Leapfrog provides an fun way to practice and learn math facts. Different Twist and Shout games are available including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Picture of sound shape puzzle.
An inset Sound Shape Puzzles is a fun way for students to learn their shapes and

Picture of shape templates.
Shape templates allow students to and teachers to easily create geometric shapes. A template is easier to use than a solid shape as it is easier to trace a template.

Large print/Large display calculators are available for students with low vision from other vendors. These calculators are sometimes paired with speech output. When selecting a calculator, remember the students need to first gain an understanding of numbers and how to perform operations, older students will be required to use calculators as they enter middle school and perform complex operations.
Picture of hands-on equations.
Hands-On Equations is a supplementary program that can be used with any math curriculum to provide students with a concrete foundation for algebra. It uses the visual and kinesthetic instructional approach developed by Dr. Henry Borenson to demystify abstract algebraic concepts. This hands-on, intuitive approach enhances student self-esteem and interest in mathematics.

Picture of Orion Talking Scientific Calculator.
 The Orion TI-36X Talking Scientific Calculator available from APH, has identical functions to the Texas Instruments TI-36X calculator. 

Picture of base ten blocks.
Base Ten Blocks are a mathematical manipulative used by teachers to instruct students on basic mathematical concepts including addition, subtraction, number sense, place value and counting. The student can manipulate the blocks in different ways to express numbers and patterns. This hands-on tool is ideal for students who are visually impaired and blind.

Picture of numbered peg boards.
These Number Peg Boards can be easily adapted with a braille label to make them accessible for a possible braille learner. They are excellent for students with low vision as well as they are in high contrast.

Picture of Omnifix Cubes.
Omnifix Cubes can be used with any math curriculum that specifies linking cubes. Students can snap flat shapes together to form a permanent cube which can then be joined to other cubes to build shapes and teach key geometry concepts!

Wickki Stix® ​ are used to connect the plotted points, forming line segments and curves, and to illustrate math functions.
PlanToys Braille Numbers
PlanToys Braille Numbers 1 - 10 ​ can be used to teach student braille numbers 1-10.

Picture of coin abacus.
The Coin Abacus makes counting various combinations of coins and dollar bills simple for students of all ages. This electronic teaching tool helps students of varying educational abilities master the task of counting money. Students will experiment with different coin combinations in order to reach the target amounts on the screen. The coin abacus can be easily adapted by gluing real coins on the abacus.


Specialized Materials

Picture of Math Window Braille Algebra Add-On
​The Math Window® Braille Algebra Add-On kit contains letters of the alphabet for variable use, as well as the higher math symbols used in algebraic computations.  When added to the Braille Basic kit, the student will have the moveable Nemeth tiles necessary to complete problems in Pre Algebra, Algebra I, and Algebra II.

Picture of audio graphing calculator.
The ​Audio Graphing Calculator (AGC), provides the functionality of handheld scientific calculators commonly used in the classroom. Operating on a flexible Windows platform and augmented with audio and tactile feedback, the AGC provides an alternative for people who cannot effectively use a handheld calculator, or those seeking a more interactive interface. The AGC is accessible to anyone who can use a computer, regardless of ability, allowing the user to concentrate on math, not on learning the tools to access it.

Sight Enhancement Systems, Ottawa, Canada, offers next generation SciPlus scientific calculators designed specifically for persons who are visually impaired.  These new models improve on the popular SciPlus family, incorporating a larger, 4-line backlit graphical LCD display with inverted white/black function and adjustable contrast.  The SciPlus-2200 version is the “non-speaking” model, and the SciPlus-2300 has English/Spanish (selectable) audio output, with additional languages coming soon.
Picture of inTACT Sketchpad.
The inTACT Sketchpad is a great alternative to the Draftsman. It is particularly beneficial for students to use and create their own tactual graphics due to its ease of use. When the cover is lifted, there is a recessed area to place the drawing sheet on. Magnet strips completely cover the perimeter of the board creating a secure closing when the lid is lowered.

Picture of inTACT eraser.
The inTACT Eraser is a battery operated eraser specifically designed for tactile drawing. It allows the user to erase mistakes and can also be used to create dashed lines. The eraser works like a miniature iron, heating the flat tip to approximately 180 degrees. It flattens tactile drawings quickly and erases them tactually. This eraser can be used in tandem with the inTACT Sketchpad or it can be used with the APH Draftsman.

Picture of Math Window Braille Geometry Kit.
The Math Window Braille Geometry Kitallows the student to work and solve geometric problems, as well as, graph them on double-sided, framed work surface.  The kit contains point markers for locating points and plotting squares to help the student accurately plot points on the graph.  

Picture of Fraction Line from Slide-a-Round.
This Fraction Line, available from Slide-A-Round Math Manipulatives, was developed by Jim Franklin who is a special education teacher. This fraction number line is accessible to students with low vision as well as those who are blind.

Picture of Slide-A-Round number line.
This Number Line to 10,000,000, available from Slide-A-Round Math Manipulatives, was developed by Jim Franklin who is a special education teacher. This number line is accessible to students with low vision as well as those who are blind.

Picture of time line Slide-a-round.
This Time Line, available from Slide-A-Round Math Manipulatives, was developed by Jim Franklin who is a special education teacher. This number line is accessible to students with low vision as well as those who are blind.

Picture of SAVI/SELPH balance.
​Balance, SAVI/SELPH and FOSS is a specially modified balance includes a tactile indicator and holes in the balance pans, allowing use of removable plastic cups. Students use gram pieces and mass sets for weighing.

Picture of SAVI/SELPH thermometer.
The SAVI/ SELPH thermometer includes both a Braille and large print scale for measuring temperature in degrees Celsius. It is introduced in the SAVI/SELPH Measurement Module to measure the temperature of water. The thermometer can be calibrated. Tabs are included along the rim to mark temperatures for comparison.

Picture of Money Line.
This Money Line, available from Slide-A-Round Math Manipulatives, was developed by Jim Franklin who is a special education teacher. This money number line is accessible to students with low vision as well as those who are blind.

Picture of TackTiles.
The Nemeth Tactile System from TackTiles is ideal for students who may not be able to read braille tactually from loss of finger sensitivity. It provides these students with the opportunity to access math.

Picture of Digi-Blocks
Digi-Blocks are small rectangular-shaped blocks and empty holders. These materials help children discover the important relationship between ones and tens – a concept crucial to understanding how arithmetic operations work.

Picture of Math Trax logo.
MathTrax is an educational technology tool that demonstrates the combined capabilities of the MDE library modules. Its primary audience is middle and high school students studying algebra, pre-calculus and calculus and in particular it serves blind and vision impaired (BVI) math students. MathTrax fulfills an educational need to demonstrate the relationship between math and real world science applications by translating and demonstrating math relationships in a tangible physical medium on a standard PC platform.

Students can create graphs by entering an equation, selecting an equation from a drop-down menu, entering raw data to be analyzed or activating a physics simulation. MathTrax graphs the equations and provides descriptions of those graphs using text and sound. The curves currently described are first and second order equations in two variables, i.e., line, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, circle, null set, single point, and two lines. The dynamic text descriptions and sonification make the graphs accessible to blind students who do not use pencil, paper or written graphs to study mathematics. The text descriptions can be read by Java-capable screen readers such as Jaws for Windows, or can be input to speech synthesizing software to create self-voicing applications. MathTrax provides color and line settings for traditional "drawn" graphs to aid users with differing vision-impairments.


Apps

Talking Calculator app
$1.99 Talking Calculator app speaks button names, numbers, and answers aloud through a customizable built-in directory that lets users record their own voice. The company also offers a Talking Scientific Calculator for $4.99

Talking Scientific Calculator app
$4.99 Talking Scientific Calculator is a comprehensive calculator app that is designed for a wide range of users, it features colorful buttons, high contrast, VoiceOver support, and the option to use speech for answers, buttons names and formulas.

aph math robot app
​APH’s Math Robot™ has a smart “know-it-all” math robot character that provides fun drills and practices for simple math problems. The app is both self-voicing and accessible with VoiceOver on Apple devices. A low vision mode adds extra contrast. 

Slapstack Math app
Slapstack Math (for iOS devices) Slapstack Math™ is fully accessible for all users. The goal is to collect the most points by pulling in the most cards. Two to eight players can play on the iPad, or two to four players on the iPhone. 

Draw2Measure Protractor
Draw2Measure Protractor (for iOS devices) This app is designed for students who are blind or low vision, and can be used by sighted students, too! It gives students an alternative way to measure angles, thus meeting students’ diverse needs in math and science classrooms. Works with devices running iOS 8 or later. 

Practice2Master Fractions
Practice2Master Fractions. A fully accessible app that every elementary school math teacher should have in their teaching toolbox - Practice2Master Fractions helps students become proficient in fraction calculations. It provides students with an unlimited number of problems to practice. 

Practice2Master Abacus CVI A fully accessible app that makes abacus learning a fun and interactive experience. Practice2Master Abacus can be used as a supplement to classroom instructions in which teachers can assign practice tasks or drills to students. It may also be used as a self-learning tool that includes systematic instructions and practice to help students start from the basics and become proficient abacus users. 
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    • AT Assessment >
      • VI AT Printables
      • Assistive Technology Assessment
      • Overview of Assistive Technology
      • Low/Medium Tech Devices for Tactual Learners
      • Video Magnifiers
      • Screen Magnification & Readers
      • Auditory Access Devices
      • Braille Technology
      • Braille Notetakers
      • Tactile Graphics Technology
    • Other Evaluations >
      • O&M Evaluation
      • Psychological Impact
      • Impact on Development & Learning
      • Educational Assessments
      • Language Development
    • Service Plans >
      • Service Delivery Models
      • Schools for the Blind
      • Least Restrictive Environment
      • Student Led IEPs
      • Transition Plans
      • 504 Plans
    • ECC Annual Needs
    • Goals & Objectives >
      • IEP Printables
      • Writing SMART Goals
      • Blooms Taxonomy
      • Compensatory Goals
      • Assistive Technology Goals
      • Social Skills Goals
      • Self Determination Goals
      • Sensory Efficiency Goals
      • Independent Living Goals
      • Recreation & Leisure Goals
      • Career & Vocational Goals
  • Consult
    • Unique Visual Needs
    • Collaboration >
      • Role of the Classroom Teacher
      • Collaboration Strategies
      • Collaborative Teaming
      • Simulation Activities
      • Early Intervention Services
    • Create Accessible Content for BLVI
    • Instructional Adaptations >
      • Guiding Principles of Concept Development
      • Daily Schedule
      • Movies & Assemblies
      • Accessible Board Work
      • Lectures & Instruction
      • Morning Meeting
      • Social Etiquette
      • Peer Interaction Tips
      • Functional Skills Curriculum
    • Environmental Adaptations >
      • School Campus Adaptations
      • Playground Adaptations
      • Classroom Design Tips
      • Adjust Lighting
      • Label Classroom
    • Material Adaptations >
      • Accessible Educational Materials
      • Photocopying
      • Font Legibility
      • Increase Contrast
      • Pictures and Worksheets
      • Large Print
      • Age Appropriate Materials
    • Family Resources >
      • US Government Agencies
      • State SpEd Agencies
      • Online Family Resources
      • Support Networks
      • Financial Assistance
      • Parent Resource Books
      • Grief & Suffering Resources
      • VI Consumer Organizations
      • Summer Reading (braille)
      • Obtaining Braille Books
      • Toy Selection
      • Obtaining an iPad
  • Teach
    • Premium Printables
    • Teaching Strategies >
      • ECC Overview
      • Individualize Instruction
      • Pacing Instruction
      • Build on Prior Experiences
      • Building Trust
      • Prompt Hierarchy
      • Ensure Success
      • Challenging Behaviors
      • Student Aggression
      • Hand Under Hand Support
      • Virtual Instruction
    • Compensatory Skills Instruction >
      • Concept Development >
        • Overview of Concept Development
        • Community Based Experiences
        • Body Awareness
        • Object Awareness
        • Interactive Lap Mats
        • Interactive Object Boards
        • Object Exploration
        • Object Identification
        • Object Comparison
        • Match Objects
        • Match 3D to 2D
        • Object Characteristics
        • Quantity and Number Concepts
        • Color Concepts
        • Weather Concepts
        • Identification Apps
      • Alternative Communication >
        • Intentional Movement
        • Dynamic Learning Circle
        • Individual Schedules
        • Transition Between Activities
        • Arrival & Departure Routines
        • Anticipation Schedules
        • Cues and Prompts
        • Using Routines
        • Switch Access
        • Role Enrichment
        • Cause & Effect Apps
        • Sound Making Apps
      • Emergent Literacy >
        • Supporting Emergent Literacy
        • Select Reading Materials
        • Read Aloud
        • Creating Tactile Books & Book Bags
        • Awareness of Environmental Print/Braille
        • Developing Book Sense
        • Apps for Early Learning
        • Read to Me Story Apps
      • Beginning Braille >
        • Techniques to Read Braille
        • Alphabet Object Books
        • Early Braille Literacy
      • Braille Code >
        • Braille Cell Instruction
        • Sequential Braille Instruction
        • Braille Awareness
        • Braille Apps
      • Braille Fluency & Comprehension >
        • Reading Fluency
        • Reading Comprehension
        • Writing Activities
        • Evelyn Jane Stories
        • Braille Formatting
      • Braillewriter >
        • Using the Braillewriter
        • Braillewriter Repair
      • Slate & Stylus Basics
      • Tactile Graphics >
        • Tactile Graphics Guidelines
        • Methods of Creating Tactile Graphics
        • Tactile Graphics Instruction
        • Tactile Graphics Activities
      • Nemeth Code >
        • Nemeth Code Instruction
      • Access Classes >
        • Language Arts
        • Math Adaptations
        • Science Adaptations
        • Social Studies Adaptations
        • Signature & Dates
        • Handwriting
      • Abacus >
        • Cranmer Abacus Instruction
        • Abacus Basics
        • Set and Clear on Abacus
        • Add & Subtract on Abacus
        • Thematic Word Problems
      • Organize >
        • Where Does It Belong?
        • Organize School Supplies
        • Personal Belongings
        • Organize Homework Space
        • Lockers and Cubbies
        • Labeling and Filing Materials
        • Organize Office Supplies
        • Address and Phone Directory
        • Organizing Notebooks
      • Study Skills >
        • Caseload Polls
        • Taste Test Charts
        • Book Lists
        • Locate Library Books
        • Research
        • Study Skills Instruction
        • Study Habits
        • Identify Pertinent Information
        • Note Taking Apps
      • Time Management >
        • Time Management Instruction
        • Ready on Time
        • School Schedules
        • Keep Track of Time
        • Punctuality Appointments and Schedules
        • Complete Assignments on Time
      • Listening Skills >
        • Listening Skills Instruction
        • Listening Activities
        • Tips to Recall Facts
        • Attend to Speaker
        • Listening Comprehension
    • Sensory Efficiency >
      • Support Sensory Needs >
        • Sensory Input
        • Sensory Areas & Rooms
      • Auditory Efficiency >
        • Auditory Readiness Activities
        • Derive Meaning from Sounds
      • Visual Efficiency >
        • Visual Efficiency Instruction
        • Encourage Use of Vision
        • DIY Vision Materials for Complex Needs
        • Lightbox Use
        • CVI Activities
        • Visually Attend
        • Shift Gaze
        • Visual Tracking
        • Visual Discrimination
        • Visual Matching Activities
        • Visual Search & Scan
        • Sequence Activities
        • Visual Motor Activities
        • Visual Association
        • Visual Memory
        • Figure Ground
        • Visual Closure
        • Lunch Assembly Patterns
        • Vision Skills Apps
      • Optical Device Use >
        • Near Optical Device Instruction
        • Near Magnification Activities
        • Distance Magnifier Instruction
        • Distance Magnifier Activities
        • Magnifier Apps
      • Tactile Readiness >
        • Stages of Tactual Exploration
        • Tactile Exploration
        • DIY Tactile Materials for Complex Needs
        • Sensory Table
        • Tactile Discrimination Box
        • Texture Awareness & Comparison
        • Building Tactile Discrimination
        • Fine Motor Activities
        • Developing Skillful Hands
    • Assistive Technology >
      • AT Instruction
      • AT Basic Use >
        • Care for AT Tools
        • Store and Retrieve AT
        • Locating AT
      • AT Problem Solving >
        • When Technology Fails
        • Troubleshoot AT
        • Change Batteries
      • Braille Notetaker >
        • Braille Notetaker Instruction
        • Chameleon Notetaker
      • iOS Instruction >
        • iPads as Instructional Tools
        • Making the iOS Device Accessible
        • iOS Accessibility Resources
        • iOS and Notetaker
        • VoiceOver
      • Audio Skills >
        • Accessing Audio Books
        • Using Audiobook Apps
      • Video Magnifier Instruction
      • Basic Computer Use >
        • Keyboarding Instruction
        • Editing Practice
      • Access >
        • Screen Readers for Computers
        • NVDA Screen Reader
        • Jaws Screen Reader
        • Screen Reader Courtesy
      • Productivity >
        • Navigate Computer without a Mouse
        • Word Processing and Shortcuts
        • Writing Efficiency with Technology
    • Social Skills >
      • Social Skill Basics
      • Non-Verbal Skills >
        • Nonverbal Communication
        • Facing Person
        • Body Posture
        • Social Norms
        • Personal Space
        • Mannerisms & Behavior
        • Facial Expressions
        • Body Language & Appearance
        • "I" Message When Upset
      • Communicate >
        • Positive Interactions
        • Use Cues to Interact
        • Respond to Feedback
        • People at School Activity
        • Conversation Skills
        • Interview a Professional
        • Give & Receive Compliments
        • Apps for Communication
      • Cooperative >
        • Politely Saying No
        • Workplace Social Skills
      • Identity >
        • Values & Priorities
        • Emotional Awareness
        • Discriminate Emotions
        • Social Media
      • Interactions >
        • Social Interactions
        • Cyberbullying
        • Appropriate Touch
        • True Friends & Being a Friend
        • Courteous Behavior
        • Adult Interaction Strategies
        • Being Bullied or Teased
        • Remembering Names
        • Gift Receiving Etiquette
        • Wrapping a Gift
        • Icebreakers & Mixers
        • Expand Your Network
        • Age Etiquette
    • Self Determination >
      • Relatable Books for All Ages >
        • Children's Books
        • Young Reader Books
        • Books about Guides Dog
        • Teen & Young Adult Books
        • Non-Fiction Books
      • Self Determination Skills
      • Self Concept
      • Unique Body Characteristics
      • Body Image & Acceptance
      • Making Personal Goals
      • Disability Disclosure
      • Requesting Help
      • Fighting Fears
      • My Circle of Support
      • Personal Responsibility
      • Advocate for Safe Enviroments
      • Having Picture Taken
      • Coping with Change
      • Physical Characteristics
      • Political Activism
      • Laws Regarding Persons with Disabilities
      • My Data Collection
    • Independent Living >
      • Personal Care >
        • Medication Adaptations
        • Bathroom Adaptations
      • Hygiene & Grooming >
        • Hygiene & Grooming Instruction
        • Nose Hygiene
        • Proper Handwashing
        • Hair Care
        • Oral Hygiene
        • Face Washing
        • Deodorant Use
        • Shower Adaptations
        • Hair Removal
        • Cosmetics
        • ​Nail Care
      • Personal Health >
        • Medical History
        • Aging Eyes
        • Accidents & First Aid
        • First Aid Kits
      • Eating & Table Manners >
        • Mealtime Independence
        • Unwrap Food
        • Locate Food on Plate
        • Eating Tacos
        • Eating Hot Dogs
        • Eating Spaghetti
        • Eating Ice Cream Cones
        • Serve Own Food at Table
        • Apply Condiments to Food
        • Safely Cut Food
        • Eat in Cafeteria
        • Pour from Containers
        • Eating & Table Manners
        • Pouring Drinks
        • Dining at Restaurants
      • Household Skills Maintenance >
        • Home & School Chores
        • Cleaning Tables & Counters
        • Washing Dishes
        • Manage and Empty Trash
        • Clean Floors
        • Dusting
        • Tool Use
        • Loading Dishwasher
        • Cleaning Products
        • Operate Climate Control
        • Making a Bed
        • Changing Sheets
      • Shopping & Consumerism >
        • Grocery Shopping
        • Expiration Dates
        • Shopping
        • Compare Price/Quality
        • Convenience Stores
        • Retail Stores
        • Drug Stores
        • Supermarkets
        • Post Office
        • Envelope Use
        • Personal Shoppers
      • Clothing Management >
        • Dressing Skills
        • Clothing Identification
        • Dresser Drawer Organization
        • Closet Organization
        • Laundry
        • Job Interview Clothing Selection
        • Shoe Selection & Care
        • Dressing Up
        • Hang Clothes on Hanger
        • Fold Clothes
        • Iron Clothes
      • Telephone >
        • Telephone Use
        • Emergencies and 9-1-1
      • Food Preparation >
        • Opening Containers
        • Prepare Fruits and Vegetables
        • Prepare Snacks
        • Prepare Cold Drinks
        • Prepare Hot Drinks
        • Prepare Cold Cereal
        • Prepare Toast
        • Make a Sandwich
        • Plan a Simple Meal
        • Store & Label Groceries
        • Oven, Stove, & Microwave Cooking
        • Measure & Pour
        • Cut, Slice & Peel
        • Meal Preparation
        • Lunch Container Use
        • Recipe Activities
        • Determine if Food is Done
      • Money & Budget >
        • Money Identification
        • Money Management
        • Payment Methods
        • Use ATM Machine
        • Buying or Packing Lunch
        • Paying with Checks
        • Interpret a Warranty
        • Vending Machine Purchase
        • Housing Decisions
        • Differences in Homes
      • Services >
        • Service Agencies
        • Consumer VI Organizations
        • Access VI Resources
      • Safety >
        • General Home Safety
        • Emergency Personnel
        • Emergency Color Codes
        • Evacuations
        • Shelter in Place
        • Lockdowns
        • Weather Safety
        • Poor Air Quality
        • Internet Safety
        • Create Lock Board
    • Orientation & Mobility Instruction >
      • Spatial Awareness
      • Orientation to School
      • School Tour Sequence
      • Mobility Skills
      • Guide Dogs
      • Environment Concepts
      • Community Based Instruction
      • Being a Non-Driver
      • Guide Techniques
      • Travel
      • Drivers Education for Non Drivers
      • Bioptic Driving
      • Types of Roadways
      • Transportation Options
      • Navigation & Location Apps
    • Recreation & Leisure >
      • Recreation & Leisure Overview
      • Rec and Leisure Survey
      • Get Involved at School
      • School Clubs
      • Games >
        • Rainy Day Activities
        • Play with Toys
        • Block Play
        • Card and Board Game Adaptations
        • Transcribe Playing Cards
        • Video Games
      • Music >
        • Music
        • Music & Movement
        • Orchestra
        • Marching Band
      • Visual Arts >
        • Art Adaptations
        • Art Materials
        • Arts and Crafts
        • Gardening
      • Theatre >
        • Dramatic Play
        • Dance
      • Entertainment >
        • Attending Concerts
        • Attending Movies
        • Visiting Museums
        • Attending Slumber Parties
        • Attending Parties
      • Recreation >
        • Summer Outdoor Activities
        • Adapted Recreation Equipment Resources
        • Walk & Run Adaptations
        • Accessible Pedometers
        • Lifelong Exercise
        • Camps for VI
      • Sports >
        • VI Sports Associations
        • PE Adaptations
    • Career & Vocation >
      • Career & Vocational Overview
      • Personal Knowledge >
        • My Vision Presentation
        • My Visual Needs Packet
        • My Self-Description
        • My Values and Priorities
        • Create a Personal Data Sheet
        • Interviews
        • Work Behaviors
        • Resumes
        • Cover Letters
      • Job Awareness / Experiences >
        • Classroom Jobs
        • Career Exploration
        • Receive Payment for Services
        • Rules for Jobs
        • Company Research
        • Finding Job Leads
        • Dream Job Analysis
        • Practice Job Skills in Classroom
        • College & Career Prep
      • Maintain Job >
        • Responsibility & Independence
        • Following School Rules
        • Review IEP & Assess Self
        • Gain Work Related Skills
        • Address Employer Concerns
        • Maintain Employment
        • Networking & Connections
  • Grow
    • Complete Set Bonus >
      • ECC Bonus Printables
      • ECC Song Playlists
      • Job Task Boxes
    • Interactive Activities >
      • Interactive Sensory Stories
      • Interactive Visual Discrimination Activities
      • Interactive Matching Activities
      • Interactive Choice Making Activities
    • Lesson Planning >
      • Teaching the ECC
      • Teaching in Thematic Units
      • Incorporate IEP Goals
      • Unit Preparation Tips
      • Preparation
      • Material Preparation
      • Lesson Delivery
    • Thematic Units
    • Beginning of Year Units >
      • Back to School Unit
      • Self and Identity Unit
      • Birthdays and Aging Unit
      • Jobs and Employment Unit
      • Pets and Service Animals Unit
      • Family and Genealogy Unit
      • Root to Fruit
      • Home Maintenance Unit
      • Visual Arts Unit
    • Fall Units >
      • Autumn Unit
      • Vegetables, Crops, and Farms Unit
      • Evening and Night
      • Politics, Voting, and Advocacy Unit
      • Grocery Store Unit
      • Meal Preparation and Hosting Unit
      • Shopping Unit
      • Clothing Care Unit
      • Music and Theatre Unit
    • Winter Units >
      • Clocks and Time Unit
      • Games Puzzles Indoor Fun
      • Healthy Habits Unit
      • Winter & Evergreens
      • Cold and Flu Season Unit
      • Adapted Sports Unit
      • Friendship Unit
      • Restaurants Unit
      • Weather and Preparedness Unit
    • Spring Units >
      • Stay Safe Unit
      • Communication Unit
      • Hygiene and Grooming Unit
      • Springtime and Gardening Unit
      • Cleaning and Home Care Unit
      • Transportation Unit
      • The Great Outdoors Unit
      • Vacations and Travel Unit
      • Graduation and Life Changes Unit
    • Recorded Presentations >
      • Itinerant Teaching Strategies
      • Tips for Being a "Physically Fit" TVI
      • Developing SMARTER Goals
      • Determining Service Intensity Using the VISSIT
      • Accommodations for VI
      • Selecting the Right AT
      • Conducting a FVLMA
      • Foundations of Teaching the ECC in the Age of Virtual Instruction
      • The Art of Teaching the ECC
      • Using Themes to Teach the ECC
      • MIMO Strategies & Activities
      • Activities to Teach the ECC
      • SIDPID Strategies & Activities
      • Standard Course of Study Strategies & Activities
      • Job Tasks for Job, Career & Life
  • Shop
    • ECC Instructional Resources >
      • 2024 TVI's Guide to Teaching the ECC Complete Set
      • Second Edition TVI's Guide to Teaching the ECC
      • Thematic Keyboarding & Braille Fluency Worksheets
      • More Visual Efficiency & Magnifier Fluency Grab & Go ECC Supplements
      • Visual Efficiency & Magnifier Fluency
      • Task Box Activities
      • Vocabulary Cards & Checklists
      • Interactive Sensory Stories
      • Interactive Matching Activities
      • Evelyn Jane Short Stories
      • Just Joking Around
    • Job Postings
    • Recorded Presentations
  • Jobs
    • Post a Job
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