Tactile Graphics Overview

By: Carmen Willings
teachingvisuallyimpaired.com
Tactile graphics are an essential component of compensatory and literacy instruction for students who are blind. They make visual information—such as diagrams, maps, charts, and illustrations—accessible through touch. Teaching tactile graphic literacy involves more than exposure; it requires systematic instruction in exploration techniques, spatial understanding, and interpretation. This section provides guidance for educators on how to create, teach, and integrate tactile graphics into all areas of the curriculum. By developing these skills, students gain access to complex visual content, strengthen concept development, and enhance overall comprehension.

Match 3D to 2D 

This foundational activity helps students understand the relationship between real objects and their two-dimensional representations. Through guided exploration, students learn to identify key features of familiar objects, recognize simplified tactile symbols, and begin transferring understanding from tangible experiences to tactile graphics. These skills lay the foundation for reading and interpreting more complex tactile materials later.

Tactile Graphics Guidelines 

This page summarizes national standards and best practices for the production and use of tactile graphics, including recommendations from the Braille Authority of North America (BANA). It addresses layout, labeling, textures, spacing, and symbol selection to ensure clarity and readability. The resource helps teachers, transcribers, and paraprofessionals create tactile materials that are consistent, accurate, and meaningful for students.

Methods of Creating Tactile Graphics 

Discover a range of tools and techniques for creating tactile graphics. These methods include low-tech options like collage, puff paint, and string art, as well as high-tech alternatives such as swell paper, embossers, and 3D printing. Each method is outlined with guidance on when to use it, the materials required, and considerations for accessibility. The page also offers practical tips for quickly and affordably adapting classroom visuals.

Tactile Graphics Instruction 

This section outlines instructional strategies for teaching tactile graphics skills in a sequential and meaningful way. Topics include introducing exploration techniques, teaching the use of both hands, guiding spatial scanning, and interpreting symbols and keys. Educators learn how to scaffold lessons based on a student’s developmental level, visual functioning, and tactile experience. Sample goals and progress indicators support individualized instruction.

Tactile Graphics Activities 

Activities designed to build tactile exploration, discrimination, and interpretation skills are featured here. 

Tactile Graphics Technology

This page highlights digital and assistive technologies that support the creation, interpretation, and instruction of tactile graphics. Tools such as tactile graphic design software, embossers, tactile displays, and refreshable graphic tablets are reviewed with attention to classroom integration and accessibility. Learn how to combine tactile and digital learning to expand access and enhance student engagement.

ECC Instruction

Teaching Strategies
Compensatory
Concept Development
Alternative Communication
Emergent Literacy
Beginning Braille​
Braille Code
Braille Fluency & Comprehension
Braillewriter
​​Slate & Stylus
​​Tactile Graphics
​Nemeth Code
Access Classes
​Abacus 
​Organize​
​Study Skills
​Time Management
​​​​Listening Skills
Sensory Efficiency
Support Sensory Needs
​Auditory Efficiency Visual Efficiency Skills ​​Optical Device Use
Tactile Readiness
Assistive Technology
Social Skills
​Non-Verbal Skills​​​​ ​Communicate Cooperative Identity ​Interactions
Self Determination
independent living
Personal Care
Hygiene & Grooming
Personal Health
Eating & Table Manners
Household Skills
Shopping & Consumerism
Clothing Management
Telephone
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Money & Budget
Services
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Orientation & Mobility
Recreation & Leisure
Career & Vocational